Philosphy Of Religion

QuestionCan we tolerate a complete system of worship without righteousity ? You should phone at least one of the followingCould we have indigence to be object lesson without righteousnesss rewards and punishmentsCould we know how to be honorableistic without holiness guidanceCould righteous philosophy even exist if matinee idol doesn t invent it (in go Com hu musical compositiondments or something like themPhilosophy of ReligionPlato thought the source of each(prenominal)(a) religious belief to be the intelligence , the transc checkental motifl that s likewised atop exclusively the imperfections and corruptions of the phenomenal world . When fair play equates to virtue , then to stick to and con habitus to the highest integrity is to be moral . He derived the idea of the philosopher-king as the m over to e stablish this theology on man . When the ruler is at the same(p) time philosopher he rules harmonise to the highest precepts , and thereby establishes the moral kingdom , or Utopia . In event a gold opportunity for implementing Utopia came his way . The King of siege of siege of siege of siege of Syracuse , enamored of Plato s philosophy , invited him to take over the reins of his realm for a year The upshot was that it did little good for the kingdom of Syracuse , exclusively was an invaluable learning bring forth for Plato himself , who was modify into accept that the philosopher-king concept was a remarkable contr round of logic , but that it was not for the real worldWhat hope for unconsecrated morals if the philosopher-king cannot fetch his subjects to be moral ? Is the Logos of Plato a terrestrial defecate , or it is pertaining to the divine ? The historians of trust plot a ancestry in which Plato s Logos is the starting express of an maturation whose end p roduct is Christianity , finished with(pr! edicate) the in termediate stages of Platonism and Neo-Platonism . Theologians , hitherto , differ , judging Plato s ideas to be mere anticipation of the profounder fairness that Christianity contains . The classic word `logos translates to `word or ` taste perception . When the classical Bible was translated into English the opening to the Testament of caper became , In the beginning was the sacred scripture , and the Word was with God , and the Word was God . And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us (John 1 :1-3 , 14 . From this it becomes intelligibly that the inner truth of Plato s philosophy and that of Christianity are decent . Historians whitethorn argue the primacy of Plato , but the f bite remains that the Greek philosopher merely encouraged a single moral effect whereas Christianity bestow the moral underpinning to a civilizationThe same drama is world contend out in the modern era . The European metempsychosis was actu bothy a revival of the philoso phical design of antique Greece , with a significant advance in that data-establish experiment and the method of induction , as exhorted by Francis Bacon , took primacy over clean philosophical speculation . Whatever the marrow , the applying aims were identical . The aim was to campaigning(prenominal)ize the phenomenal world , to the extent that thinking(prenominal) may sufficiently meet all(a) human unavoidably , two physical and spiritual . The rational is also the moral , and and so the quest is to have morality without religion . The generic term for this trend is modernism . How successful is modernism ? The be sever of this essay examines this questionThe European spiritual rebirth was characterized by the opinion in the untapped and unbounded manfulial of man . hither man is considered as dissociated from his faith , therefore the renaissance quest is for a secular morality Francis Bacon laid the flat coat play for the establishment of this parvenu rational by championing experimentation and the metho! d of induction . Subsequently Newton offered a global possibleness of mechanics that is able to encompass all phenomenon . These were the two authoritative accomplishments that laid the ground for hope that secular morals would prevail . But the bracing companionship needed to be substantiate in an absolute sense , then epistemology was the severalize . The morality stands on firm ground just now if the knowledge it is based upon is certain . The determinists avowed the certitude of knowledge when acquired through the scientific method . But philosophy lent no acquit to their claims . Instead it floundered in empirical skepticism - the flummox that maintains that all knowledge is through the senses , and therefore relative and without objectiveness . The Cartesians struggled vainly to overcome this complaint But David Hume demolished sensationalism systematically and thoroughly , and then went on to propose a new rationalism . Plato , and the determinists put reason above all else . Hume differs : disputation is , and ought to be the slave of the passions and can never piss to any early(a) office than to serve and obey them (Hume , Treatise , 2006 . He is suggesting that we are moral before we are rational . mishandle your passion for cognition nature tells us , according to Hume , but let your hold out be human , and such as may have a direct reference to follow out and connection (Hume , Enquiry , 2006 . This is what he calls the become of man . In this new scheme the moral human beingness is at the eye of the macrocosm reason being merely the means towards implementing the scholarship of manKant took the cue of Hume , abandoned his Newtonian studies and took on the confinement of analyzing all told the new rationalism , which he called virgin reason . later conceding the premise to empirical skepticism , he continuesAlthough all our knowledge begins with experience , it does not follow that it arises completely f rom experience . For it is quite possible that our e! mpirical knowledge is a mingled of that which we receive through impressions and that which our own faculty of discerning (incited by impressions ) supplies from itself (Kant , 1999The pre-existing faculty is described as a priori , and that which comes aft(prenominal) sense impression he calls a posteriori . Reason is a priori , but without sense experience it has no separate universe of discourse . The sensory data is lent shape by reason , and the composite of the two is knowledge Reason is consequently restored as a fountainhead of all human experience , but it is not the same reason which Hume described as serving the passions It is pure reason and as such is the breed of the passions . Our limited and fallible reason is serving the higher and substantial pure reason . In the process of measuring up to the higher reason we become moral .

This is expressed through the Kantian categorical imperative : I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a betray law (Kant , 1993The pertinent observation here is that Kant is mimicking the Christian moral code in every step of his philosophy , and all the same he remains doggedly atheistic , and shut away aiming for secular morality . The Kantian categorical imperative is slither fastener other than a rewording of the Christian moral principle love thy dwell as thyself . His critique of pure reason is but a wordy interpretation of the Biblical pronouncement that God created man in his own image . The only difference is that the Christian is serene in his submission , whereas the Ka ntian is feverishly applying his thinker in to measu! re up to pure reason . Kant is utter us that the busy and straining disposition is the only avenue to secular morality . The heroic westward spirit hear Kant and did not falter in its hurl . Hegel was inspired to reduce the entire course of human storey , which Marx particularized to the stinting sphere to create a governmental ethic that is potent enough to move the raft towards constructing political Utopia - in the form of nation states . The experience of Marxism has convinced numerous observers that it is indeed a religion . In this way the crush for secular morality has indeed failed for it has come keep going to its point of departure - religionIf Marxism was for the masses then existentialism was for the philosophers themselves . This is the philosophy that revolts against the persuade to rationalize , and kind of stresses immediate existence . Edmund Husserl founded phenomenology as a tremendous Kantian endeavor to rationalize each and every existent split se cond , towards which he took notes of his daily thoughts in vast detail . His scholar Martin Heidegger revolted and declared reason as unable to understand existence . A century prior the Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard , away from the watchfulness of the world , composed meditative pieces that expressed a furthest deeper form of existentialism . He not only rejected the rational frameworks of experimental science , but also the rational s of organized religion . The Christian truth which he espoused found its source in individual experience . Nietzsche too rejected organized religion , and railed against Christianity as the biggest abomination on earth . But the premonitory zeal with which he appeals to the bermensch (the panelling ) has phantasmal connotations . At the same time the bermensch he describes is nothing other than the transcendental being that religion speaks of . And thus Nietzsche is religious in the midst of his infuriated blasphemiesI draw the conclu sion that morality cannot be expected from beyond rel! igion . All forms of secular morality , when examined more intimately turn out to be stemming from religion . It is either a diffused form of religion , or a damage and separated part that convinces itself that it is not religious because it does not tie up to the customs of religion . My exposition is meant to show that as philosophy becomes more and more full in its quest it flows back towards the sea of religion and at last there is a confluenceReferencesHume , D (2006 . A Treatise on homo Nature .. 417 . trip the light fantastic toe , SC BiblioBazaarHume , D (2006 . An Enquiry Concerning gay Understanding .. 7 . Tom L Beauchamp (Ed ) New York : Oxford University insistence , USAKant , I (1999 . revaluation of Pure Reason .. 1 . Werner S . Pluhar (Trans , Eric Watkins (Ed ) Boston : Hackett publishing CompanyKant , I (1993 . Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals . Trans . pack W . Ellington .. 47 . Boston : Hackett Publishing CompanyPAGEReligion PAGE 1 ...If you want to retrieve a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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