Breast Cancer A Serious Condition - 1553 Words

Destiny Myers BBH 411W.004 Prof. Gyekis 2/18/16 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a serious condition and takes many people s lives each and every year. It accounts for at least 18.2% of cancer deaths worldwide.1 In society today, women are more focused on what appeals to men, rather than worrying about their own health. â€Å"If only women paid as much attention to their breast as men do† is promoted by National Breast Cancer Foundation. 2 The message that I took from this PSA is the notion that women do not pay enough attention to their bodies from a health standpoint. Men are seen paying more attention to our breast than we do. Being educated on pre-screening techniques, signs, overall education about breast cancer could help increase awareness and decrease incidence rates3. Women need to stop obsessing about self-image and start focusing more on their overall health. Breast cancer is a serious invasive cancer and if we paid more attention to it then the better prepared we will be in the future. This lead me to find two studies related to Breast cancer awareness. The two studies look at different groups and measure and evaluate their knowledge of risks symptoms, pre-screening techniques. In 2006, a preventative study was done on 3 ethnic groups of women (Blacks, Arab, Latinos). Where they studied in a community-based setting their knowledge and socioeconomic factors associated with 3 types of breast cancer screening.4 (Self Examination, Clinical Examination,Show MoreRelatedWhy Are Mammograms Vital For One s Health?1582 Words   |  7 Pageswhy is because mammography detects breast cancer. Around 12% of women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer (BreastCancer.Org, 2016). The most common type of breast cancer is called invasive ductal carcinoma. This type of breast cancer is found in 80% of women (BreastCancer.Org, 2015). Invasive ductal carcinoma remains to be a serious problem for men and women, and here is why. This type of breast cancer begins in the milk ducts of the breast. At first, there are normal cellsRead MoreSpeech On Health And Health1220 Words   |  5 Pagesmedical conditions to be identified, they received a free clinical advice from a team of physicians and various major health experts. Furthermore, a sequence of culturally sensitive lectures was presented based on various health topics such as breast cancer, heart disease, diabetes, HIV, STI’s, healthy aging and the health impacts of smoking. These are among the most serious health concerns which need to be addressed to people in local communities and across the world. The issue of breast cancer awarenessRead MoreCancer Is A Word That Most Everyone Fears. It Affects Millions1203 Words   |  5 PagesCancer is a word that most everyone fears. It affects millions of lives on an everyday basis. However, breast cancer seems to grab more attention due to its recurrence. According to an article in Opposing Viewpoints, breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal breast cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. Breast cancer is highly common amongst today’s society, and has sparked much research in the medical field worldwide. Contrary to popular belief, breast cancer is not a modern illnessRead MoreRadiation versus Chemotherapy in the Elderly with Breast Cancer1113 Words   |  5 PagesRadiation versus Chemotherapy in the Elderly with Breast Cancer In clinical practice today the population is increasing in the number of elderly patients, as is the occurrence of breast cancer in women 60 years of age and older. According to Tang et al. (2011) the occurrence of breast cancer in women 65 years old and older is greater than â€Å"400 cases per 100, 000 women† (p. 3). The appropriate treatment options for the elderly are not as standard as those for a younger generation related to theRead MoreFemale And Male Reproductive Systems856 Words   |  4 Pagesas well as puberty. The breasts, females internal genitals, phases of menstrual cycle, male internal genitals, and pathway of sperm are all part of the reproduction process between males and females. The body goes through several phases as it transitions during reproduction. The period discussion for the week was an easy topic to discuss because the description next to each image described the entire process and as well as provided knowledge on how the genital area and brea st changes and what layersRead MoreHow Dogs Can Help Veterans Overcome PTSD by Chris Colins693 Words   |  3 Pagesabout how dogs can be used as a treatment for many medical conditions. In â€Å"How Dogs Can Help Veterans Overcome PTSD† by Chris Colin and â€Å"Therapy Dogs Help Students De-Stress† by Jen Christensen they both talk about how dogs can reduce stress and anxiety. â€Å"Medical Detection Dogs Train Animals To ‘sniff out’ breast cancer† and â€Å" Pets may help reduce your risk of heart disease† both say that dogs can be used to detect medical conditions like cancer and heart disease. In â€Å"Can Dogs Sense Seizures and HeartRead MoreCell Signaling Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pageshuman disease breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have been the most prevalent. The importance of these topics in reference to breast cancer and sickle cell anemia are the background information on these diseases, the general population affected, w hat gene/proteins are involved in these diseases, the symptoms of the diseases, the experimental research, and the key advances/ problems relaying to treatment for the diseases. Understanding the background information and how much breast cancer affects peopleRead More Breast Cancer: The Epidemic Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesmammograms? Breast cancer is an epidemic that plagues women, even though some men can get it. According to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too† (Breast Cancer). Today many women are becoming diagnosed with breast cancer. ItRead MoreTwentieth Century is the Cancer Century1801 Words   |  7 Pagestwentieth century has often been called the cancer century. This is because more than a hundred types of cancer have been discovered in this century, and secondly, because enormous medical efforts have been made to fight all kinds of cancer throughou t the world. In the early decades of the twentieth century, cancer was considered to be a fatal disease. Although some cancers are still fatal, medical therapy has developed significantly over the years so that most cancers can be treated and cured. After decadesRead MoreEssay about The Risk Factors of Breast Cancer1244 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer is the second leading cancer killer among women, after lung cancer (Breast Cancer , 2014). Cancer is a word that puts fear in many people, especially if they have family members who have either died or survived the disease. No one wants to hear that he or she has been diagnosed with any disease, especially cancer. Many women do not take breast cancer serious until they are diagnosed. Sadly, once diagnosed with this epidemic, a person’s life is altered forever. Breast cancer does not

The Philosophy Of Plato s Philosophy - 1340 Words

Ethics? Philosophy? What do these two words mean? Living life the right way? Always doing what parents instruct? Some people walk through the motions of life and never fully understand what living is really about—it is more than paying bills, earning an education, and having a family. By definition, philosophy is: â€Å"a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means†.1 Humankind has studied philosophy for many years trying to figure out the complex meaning of life, an example being Plato one of the greatest Greek philosophers. Philosophy can be very complicated, but life is a beautiful thing (Thesis statement). One: His Life Plato was a Greek philosopher who viewed life on†¦show more content†¦Socrates did this to show them the difference between truth and what they felt to be true; he would help them see the truth despite their ideas possibly being incorrect 9 (Ethics for life, 13). Most of the time people would not be able to stand firm on their beliefs 10(Britannica). This brought hatred toward Socrates. Eventually they tried Socrates, found him guilty of impiety and demeaning the youth, and executed him in 399 BCE. The reason why the Greeks thought Socrates was corrupting the youth is because he said the gods of Greece were unreliable and lacking 11(Ancient). Plato was emotionally affected by the life and death of Socrates. Socrates work influence Plato so much, he surrounded himself with members of Socrates and became a member himself. Plato’s work was generally stated as â€Å"Socratic†, because of how similar his work was to Socrates 12(Britannica). Number two, was the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. Plato served in the Athen’s military for a short time between 409 and 404 B.C. The Spartans won the war, so the Greeks Democracy changed to Spartan Oligarchy (Biography). As time went on, Oligarchy ended and Democracy was restored. Plato was about to take a chance on making a career as a politician, but after Socrates execution in 399 B.C., he turned his life to study philosophy (Biography). Following Socrates death, Plato journeyed for twelve years to Greece, studying mathematics withShow MoreRelatedPlato s Philosophy And Philosophy1826 Words   |  8 Pages Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher, pupil of Socrates, mentor of Aristotle and founder of the Academy, most famous for his philosophical works that played a major role in laying the foundations of Western philosophy. Plato’s work is a source of inestimable value since Socrates did not leave any material record behind but some of his ideas were put down by his mentee, Plato. However, Plato added a handful of his own philosophy and it is a difficult challenge for historians to ascertain who theRead MorePlato s Philosophy And Philosophy1070 Words   |  5 PagesPlato, a Greek philosopher, was born around 423 to 428 BC, and died around 347 or 348 BC, at the age of eighty. He was a great philosopher, taught by Socrates. His dialogues have been used to teach many subjects, consisting of logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion, and mathematics, as well as philosophy. Plato was born between 429 and 423 BC, in either Athens or Aegina. At some point during his childhood, his father died, but the date is unknown. He was named Aristocles after his grandfather, but hisRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Philosophy1372 Words   |  6 Pagesmakes up the coffee or tea they are drinking and what are forms. This is where Plato and Aristotle stand out above the crowd in their ways of thinking because unlike the guy who just goes on with his day drinking his coffee or tea without a thought, these two guys want to know where things originate and what forms are. Form comes from the Greek word eidos which translates as idea, archetype or essence. Although Plato and Aristotle both have ideas about form, they differ completely from each otherRead MoreAristotle And Plato s Philosophy1688 Words   |  7 Pages) Professor Armstrong CC 5 October 2015 Aristotle and Plato are famous for their many works in the philosophical field. Specifically, the Republic by Plato and Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle seem to be their most popular works. In these works they discuss things that are needed to achieve the â€Å"good life† both on an individual level and on a societal level. There is some variance between what the two philosophers think can create the â€Å"good life.† They explore the concepts of eudaimonia, virtueRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Philosophy983 Words   |  4 PagesGreek philosophers such as, Plato and Aristotle, searched to answer one fundamental question, â€Å"How should a person live in order to achieve eudaimonia or happiness?† How each philosopher came about to reach this happiness is very different however. Plato looked to a world beyond the world one might experience today and Aristotle took a more observational approach to the things that can be experienced and observed. Plato was an influential philosopher in his time. He believed that the highest socialRead MorePlato s Teachings Of Philosophy1487 Words   |  6 Pages Plato was a well known philosopher who lived during the time of the distinguished Greek philosophers. He was born into a wealthy and very noble family in the Athens. In the midst of preparation for his life long career as a politician, the young Plato witnessed the trial and eventual execution of Socrates. Little did he or anyone know this would ultimately lead him to completely abandon his political career and become one of the world’s most distinguished philosophers. Although Plato’s teachingsRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Philosophy1088 Words   |  5 Pagesone understands the person represented by the statue, the story of history begins to unfold. Two of the most important thinkers in world history were Plato and Aristotle. Aristotle studied under Plato and learned many lessons from his teacher. An area one can easily see the similarity between Plato and Aristotle is their beliefs on responsibility. Plato lays the groundwork for Aristotle to develop his own th eory. The two are not identical, however, Plato’s work made a lasting impression on Aristotle’sRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Plato s Republic973 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Be Moral Plato is one of histories most prominent philosophers who studied under the philosopher, Socrates. He is well known for his book, Republic, which presents different philosophical concepts including the concept of justice and how it is always in the individual’s best interest to be just. In this book we meet Thrasymachus, a Sophist, who has an opposing view on the value of justice. Plato’s notion of justice conflicts with that of Thrasymachus and possible consequences of morality areRead MorePlato And His Influences On Plato s Philosophy1370 Words   |  6 PagesPlato and His Influences’ Plato and His Influences’ Plato was a philosopher of ancient Greek in Athens, Greece who was born in 427bce and die in 347, both of his parents are from Greek aristocracy. He is the founder of the Academy, the first institution in the Western world and best known for his works of unparalleled influence. Plato is considered to have laid the foundation of Western philosophy and science. He was a teacher of Aristotle, his mostRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Plato s Philosophy914 Words   |  4 Pages-INTRO: Plato and Aristotle are two of the most influential Greek philosophers of history. It would be just to say that Plato’s philosophical views were greatly influenced by his mentor, Socrates. Over time, Aristotle found solemn in Plato’s teachings and became his pupil. The philosophical theories that were originally conceived by Socrates passed from Plato, to Aristotle. In a perfect world, it would be nice to entertain the belief that Aristotle’s beliefs resembled his mentor, Plato’s and Plato’s

Tourism Industry and Hospitality Operations Management

Question: Discuss about the Tourism Industry and Hospitality Operations Management. Answer: Introduction: Gold coast is affected positively due to the bright future of the tourism industry. However, the expectation of the tourists will be from Australia and accidents like it happened at the dream world will affect the tourism industry of Australia. Moreover, the use of the land occupied by the aboriginals should be reduced, as it will affect the environment as well as the social structure of the country. Current situation The current situation of the tourism industry of Australia suggests that it is able to draw a huge number of tourists from the international locations. The theme parks are some of the best attractions for the people who are coming to Australia from the international countries. At times, the people who are setting up the theme work hampers the aboriginals who are staying in those locations as the theme parks are mainly set up in rural locations. The accident that has occurred in the gold coast theme park is repetition of some of the major accidents that has taken place in Australia (sbs.com.au 2016). The Thunder River Rapids ride has been demolished in the gold coast theme park. The safety issues regarding the ride have raised concerns as the ride has passed the safety test a month before the accident has occurred. In addition to this, the more allegations regarding the safety issues of the other rides in the theme park (the Guardian 2016). Impact of the incident at Dream world The tourism industry is one of the major sources of income for Australia and the theme parks like the gold coast are some of the major attractions. The impact of the accident can have various negative impacts dream world. Some of them are: Negative publicity Dream world will earn negative publicity after the incident. The park has been operating since the past 35 years. Moreover, the rides have passed the safety test a month ago. The people who are visiting the park will now fear the safety tests as the rides cannot be called safe after the test (Kostopoulos, Gounaris and Rizomyliotis 2013). Negative influence of the tourism industry The accident at dream world will have a bigger impact on the tourism industry as a whole. The accidents have a huge impact on the minds of the people. Eventually, the revenue that tourism industry will decrease as the tourist will not feel safe visiting the theme parks (Vyravene and Rabbanee 2016). References Australian Government Productivity Commission, 2015.Australias International Tourism Industry Productivity Commission Research Paper. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.pc.gov.au/research/completed/international-tourism/international-tourism.pdf [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Becken, S., McLennan, C. and Wardle, C. 2015.Gold Coast Tourism Industry Report. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/735325/_Final-merged-report-for-printing-20150730.pdf [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2016.Free Trade Agreements. [online] Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/pages/trade-agreements.aspx [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Hunt, A. and Wheeler, B. 2016.Brexit: All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887 [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Kostopoulos, G., Gounaris, S. and Rizomyliotis, I., 2013, June. Organizational practices reducing the negative impact of customer non-compliance: an empirical study. In42nd EMAC Annual Conference 2013. sbs.com.au, 2016.Major amusement park accidents in Australia. [online] News. Available at: https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2016/10/25/major-amusement-park-accidents-australia [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. the Guardian, 2016.Dreamworld's Thunder River Rapids ride that killed four people to be demolished. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/nov/09/dreamworlds-thunder-river-rapids-ride-that-killed-four-people-to-be-demolished [Accessed 8 Jan. 2017]. Vyravene, R. and Rabbanee, F.K., 2016. Corporate negative publicitythe role of cause related marketing.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ).

Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay Essay Example

Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay Essay I have ever believed in what I saw. what I heard. and what I experienced. As these elements play a important function of comprehending the universe around me. it is really difficult to mistrust the world. However. it was non a long ago that I began to chew over about this issue more deeply. What do I truly comprehend? Could I exactly explain our perceptual experience without the aid of scientific discipline? As I spend more clip believing about this absorbing issue. I realized that it is necessary to analyse how the nature of perceptual experience relates to world. and to science. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The jobs of perceptual experience do non merely lie on the topic of metaphysics but besides on the context of epistemology. Discoursing wide philosophical places about the nature of perceptual experience is the first measure to organize my ain position on perceptual experience. Identifying and comparing sensible readings and support of assorted averments is hence a key to successfully solidifying my statement. I would wish to get down by presenting my thoughts on comprehending the universe that I am presently populating in. In my sentiment. my perceptual experience towards the universe would depend on how to cover with seemingly obvious truths about my experience of the universe with the possibility of peculiar types of perceptual mistakes. Although I make myself unfastened to the world. this fact of openness is sometimes frightened by the being of certain semblances. For this ground. philosophical hypothesis of perceptual experience demands to react to this menace by supplying an history of perceptual experience that preserves cardinal and important characteristics of perceptual experience. Materialism argues that there exists some order of world that is independent of the human head. consciousness. and perceptual experience. Harmonizing to philistinism. there is a existent stuff universe. which consists of affair and energy and obeys some natural Torahs independent of human head. Equally far as I understand. this epistemic philistinism argues that logical experience does non incorporate a theory about what world is. but instead about how we should handle world. This epistemic philistinism argues that all statements should be meaningful. and that in order to be meaningful a statement should be testable and verifiable. carving off metaphysics. Testable statements must so mention to scientific belongingss if perceivers are to hold. Therefore. statements of head. reflecting internal feelings. ideas. and motivations are nonmeaningful unless they display some physical alteration or behaviour. Materialism seems to offer a simple and efficient position on world. which so appears to be in understanding with our experience and observations. Furthermore. philistinism besides seems to be the lone metaphysics most consistent with scientific cognition. But if the philistinism was clearly to be true. the universe would be without purpose and my life would be perfectly meaningless. Both being a moral homo through free will and taking duties for immoral actions would be psychotic belief. This is surely non the instance for all of us. We. as human existences. strive to give significances and intents to our lives. Idealism. on the other manus. argues that there is no order of world independent of human heads and morality. It gives supreme power to heads over other physical values such as organic structure. Material substances would hold no being independent of head. or while bing. this world may exhibit human values and morality. It may besides be true that reality’s basic nature could be mind in that our apprehensiveness of world is more determined by head than affair. Most dreamers believe that there is a cardinal integrity to the universe which is merely greater than the amount of its parts. However. I think that there is a close connexion between the being of our morality and the existence as our values connote something more to the existence than merely affair. Torahs. and physical substances. I might hold become the alone branch through physical procedures. and my head could still qualitatively differ. My head may be self-actualizing while the remainder of nature and world could be still the kingdom of affair. The world hence would be able to incorporate head and affair at the same clip. I would besides wish to underscore the importance of the nature of cognition. We need to admit that our centripetal cognition is in fact progressive as non everyone has precisely the same perceptual experiences and feelings of external world. We are genuinely chained to our organic structures and could merely appreciate cocksurenesss in the privateness of our heads. Hence. I believe that our cognition and perceptual experiences of world could neer be perfect. Beyond what we could cognize. world may still dwell of physical readings. Constructionism argues that perceptual experiences consist of representations that are constructed by the head that express external world. And perceptual experiences both involve aim from the universe and capable stuff supplied by head. In other words. my perceptual visions are being constructed and my experience contains the representations of that world. Basically constructionism is the consequence of via media between philistinism and idealism. As the major focal point of constructionism is to unveil the ways in which persons behave to organize the creative activity of their sensed world. it involves looking at the ways the universe is being created and shaped into world. For this ground. I believe that world could be seen as a uninterrupted and dynamic procedure while it is reproduced by human existences moving on our readings and cognition. My belief is closely in line with this position of constructionism. I think that everyone tends to construe and build a world based on his or her experiences and interactions with fortunes. Although the universe outside our heads is considered to be nonsubjective and stuff. it may still be perceived subjectively by us. depending upon different values and ethical motives each one of us holds. The treatment of the nature of world and its perceptual experience. nevertheless. does non stop here. It is important to look at this issue from a different point of position ; epistemology dimension. There exist two utmost statements for depicting the nature of cognition linked to the perceptual experiences. Positive scientific discipline. which is based on philistinism. explains that the lone true cognition one could larn about the nature of world is chiefly dependent on scientific discipline which provides nonsubjective cognition. But this position does non to the full explicate the nature of cognition. Intuitionism. which is based on idealism. asserts that there are different signifiers of cognition that the head has entree to. Therefore. no empirical probe is really necessary. We could barely separate above two different thoughts about the nature of cognition as they are closely linked to each other. In my sentiment. scientific discipline is used to turn out and formalize our intuitionism by demoing the existent theoretical accounts and informations. They both so provide us with a sense of justification for the nature of cognition. Recognizing that there are different philosophical places about the nature of perceptual experience and its relation to world. and to science is indispensable to successfully understanding the nature of world and cognition. We have discussed readings and review of the cardinal beliefs that explain the relationship between perceptual experience and world. As we know. it is non easy to merely reason which theory is the most powerful in explicating such a complicated topic. I believe. nevertheless. that the constructionism is the most plausible theory that holds valid statement along with the combination of positive scientific discipline and intuitionism. How we perceive the world non merely depends on the physical universe and stuffs but besides on the experience and ethical motives we retain. Scientific information and methods every bit good as intuitionism and penetration do play a important function in back uping the conceptual infinite produced by wide philosophical places. Because perceptual experience is a dynamic difference between the efforts of the universe to enforce a world and our attempts to transform this world into our ain position. it is of import for us to develop our ain position bit by bit. Therefore. my initial place towards the nature of world and scientific discipline may still alter and subsequently determine a new theory as we go through more surveies and treatments in the class of psychological science.

Essay on Book

Essay on Book Book is the best friend, a human being can have. Book is a friend that is never disloyal. Books make our life easy to lead as they inform us about various ways of leading life. Books are informative as well as instructive. A person is never going to feel alone in the presence of books. In the company of books, a person is never going to feel the boredom of daily routine if he has nothing else to do. Books have many wonders in it and they make a person absorbed in their interesting content. The best example of being a friend of book can be seen while long journeys when a person has nothing to do except to sit and wait for his destination. The reading of an interesting book shortens the distance and time that is in between. Books are of many kinds and for many subjects such as psychology, philosophy, English, finance, business, computers, biology, zoology, botany, international relations, history, science, accounting, mathematics, sociology, economics, communication, networking, design ing, management, political science, geography, education, astrology, astronomy, administration, marketing, pharmacy, etc. Teachers assign students to write essays on book as a main exercise that they should do. Students face problems while writing an essay on book. You can write an essay on book by following the given guidelines if you do not know about how to write an essay on a book: 1. Clearly define your subject of essay on book in your mind. 2. Think over it, until ideas about it come into your mind and jot the points down on paper as they occur to you numbering them. 3. Classify these points in groups under suitable headings, rejecting any that are unsuitable. 4. Arrange these headings in a bare outline for an essay on book. 5. Now begin to write the essay on books, dividing it into paragraphs. 6. The essay on a book should consist of introduction, body and conclusion. 7. For your essay on book, make the introduction arresting. 8. Keep the parts of the body of the essay on books in proper proportion; and take pains in choosing words, constructing sentences and building up paragraphs. 9. Make the conclusion effective and satisfying. 10. Write essays on books in a simple, concise, clear, direct and natural style. The secret of clear writing of essays on book is clear thinking. So, be perfectly clear about what you say, and then say it as directly, as simply, as concisely in your custom essay on book as possible. For writing essays on books, follow some rules. Be direct: use short sentences in preference to long and involved periods. Be simple: do not attempt an oratory or flowery language but use simple words and constructions and avoid elaborate metaphors. Be concise: avoid unnecessary repetitions and superfluous word; say what you want to say as tersely as is consistent with making your meaning clear in your essays on books. Never use two words where one will do. Be natural: do not try to imitate any author’s style, however eloquent, but be your self while writing an essay on a book. You can also get free essays on books from various internet sites as a sample for writing. Â  

Differences Between Hills and Mountains

Differences Between Hills and Mountains Hills and mountains are both natural land formations that rise out of the landscape. Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill. This can make it difficult to differentiate between the two. Mountain Versus Hill There are characteristics that we typically associate with mountains; for example, most mountains have steep slopes and a well-defined summit while hills tend to be rounded. This, however, is not always the case. Some mountain ranges, such as the Pocono Mountains in Pennsylvania, are geologically old and are therefore smaller and more rounded than more classic mountains such the Rocky Mountains in the western United States. Even leaders in geography, like the United States Geological Survey (USGS), do not have an exact definition of a mountain and a hill. Instead, the organizations Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) uses broad categories for most land features, including mountains, hills, lakes, and rivers. Though no one can agree on the heights of mountains and hills, there are a few generally accepted characteristics that define each. An Attempt to Define the Height of a Mountain According to the USGS, up until the 1920s the British Ordnance Survey defined a mountain as a geographic feature rising higher than 1000 feet (304 meters). The United States followed suit and defined a mountain as having a local relief higher than 1000 feet. This definition, however, was dropped in the late 1970s. There was even a movie about the battle over mountain and hill. In  The Englishman That Went Up a Hill and Down a Mountain  (1995, starring Hugh Grant), a Welsh village challenged cartographers attempts to classify their mountain as a hill by adding a pile of rocks to the top. What is a Hill? In general, we think of hills as having a lower elevation than a mountain and  a more rounded/mound shape than a distinct peak. Some accepted characteristics of a hill are: A natural mound of earth created either by faulting or erosion.A bump in the landscape, rising gradually from its surroundings.Low altitude and elevation, often less than 984-1968 feet (300-600 meters).A rounded top with no well-defined summit.Often unnamed.Easy to climb. Hills may have once been mountains that were worn down by erosion over many thousands of years. Contrariwise many mountains- such as the Himalayas in Asia- were created by tectonic faults and would have, at one time, been what we might now consider hills. What is a Mountain? Though  a mountain is typically taller than a hill, there is no official height designation. An abrupt difference in local topography is often described as a mountain, and such features will often have  mount  or mountain  in their name; examples include Mount Hood, Mount Ranier, and Mount Washington. Some accepted characteristics of a mountain are: A natural mound of earth created by faulting.A very steep rise in the landscape that is often abrupt in comparison to its surroundings.High altitude and elevation, often higher than 1968 feet (600 meters).A steep slope and a defined summit or peak.Often has a name.Depending on the slopes and elevation, mountains can be a challenge to climb. Of course, there are exceptions to these assumptions and some features that would otherwise be called mountains have the word hills in their name. For instance, the Black Hills in South Dakota can also be thought of as a small, isolated mountain range. The highest peak is Harney Peak at 7242 feet of elevation and 2922 feet of prominence from the surrounding landscape. The Black Hills received their name from the Lakota Indians who called the mountains  Paha Sapa, or black hills.

Warring States assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Warring States - Assignment Example Xunzi According to Xunzi, otherwise known as Xu Qing, education was the key to growing a nation politically, socially and economically. He argues that for a person to be morally upright he/she must first understand the Way, approve of it and abide by it. The Way in this case being a path that leads from personal obsessions and inclinations. As a result of adhering to the set of laws bound in the Way, the person would then both morally and intellectually stable. From most of his writings Xunzi is seen to promote learning through borrowing from his personal experiences and generally nature. It is during the Zhou Dynasty that the kingdoms realized a dramatic shift in weaponry with the introduction of iron-ware in the form of helmets, arrows and spears. Politically this was a game changer for the kingdoms that embraced this new technology as opposed to the traditional wooden weaponry. This in turn led to a more skilled infantry and advanced kingdoms and warfare (Hobson, 2004). Xunzi thro ugh his scholarly exploits inclined towards educating the ordinary population as well as nobles through his odes and poems on the importance of embracing education without compromising governance. Through his teachings and promotion for education, Xunzi apparently became one of the most sort after philosophers of his time and was soon elevated to the position of magistrate by Lord Chunshen of Chu the prime minister of Lanling. Confucius Confucius was regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of his time and his wise teachings still echo up to this day. It is from Confucius that great minds such as Xunzi and Mencius arose and the great Chinese revolution after the fall of the Zhou Dynasty. In his philosophy, he is accredited for promoting personal and social morality as well as justice and honesty within the society and the government at large. Through his teachings the Zhou Dynasty was able to remain as one of the biggest ruling dynasties in the history of China. His fundamental teachings led people to value life more than property as opposed to that time when ordinary people were more inclined into acquiring personal property. As a result of his teachings, the Zhou emerged as undoubtedly one of the best political civilizations of its time (Creel, 1949). It is from his idealistic principle of loving one another that most of the Warring States managed to coexist with each other in spite of their differences and moreso noticeable economic growth between the kingdoms. Mencius Although both Xunzi and Mencius shared the same teacher they ultimately did not share the same sentiments on how people were to live. Apart from defending the Confucian principles and teachings, Mencius fostered four main ethical themes in his teachings; humaneness, wisdom, propriety and observance of rites. Mencius combed the land moving from one kingdom to another pleading for the lives of prisoners and smaller kingdoms based on his ideal teaching ‘human nature is good’ whi ch was strongly refuted by Xunzi. However, it is from his teachings that most kingdoms were seen to be united through a common political point of view. Contrary to Xunzi’s teachings which promoted people to learn new ways, Mencius teachings promoted a much stable way of political governance of the kingdoms by holding fast to the basic of life’

Persuasion Defined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasion Defined - Essay Example To that effect, my experience during the election campaign assisted me to come up with persuasion definition. There are various factors that come into play when one is persuaded. The first factor is the credibility of the information. The more credible the communicator is, the higher the chances of being persuaded. If credibility increases, attractiveness also increases making something to appear more desirable. The other factor that can result in one being persuaded is the one-sided argument (Cialdini, 2007). In the recent past, I have been hearing one sided arguments that resulted in me having higher levels of persuasion as compared to two sided arguments such as debate on abolition of the death penalty. (Brinol & Petty, 2009) note that persuasion offers an option that is more likely to be lasting, satisfying, successful, and rewarding to everyone. Therefore, the other factor is likeability. I tend to be easily persuaded by my friends, family members, lover, and other persons that I am attracted to than people I do not like. Next is authority. When a person who talks to me is an expert or above me in some other way, I am more likely to be persuaded because I think what he or she may be saying is credible and official. Cialdini (2007) asserts that another factor that influences persuasion is consensus. If there something resonates with the public’s opinion, I am more probable to be

Organizational Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Organizational Performance Management Essay Healthcare organizations have differences and similarities across the board. Some healthcare institutions are faith based and will not allow for some procedures. Others provide small procedures and vaccinations. Some healthcare facilities are for profit and others are non-profit. While other health care providers only take certain types of insurances, either government funded or privately funded insurances. The Mayo Clinic is large not for profit operating healthcare provider and healthcare research entity. They provide a vast array of services in the United States from diabetes to cancer treatment and research. The Mayo Clinic has a worldwide reputation and standard that continues to receive accolade and awards. The Mayo clinic has received the Joint Commission’s Gold Seal of Approval. This award is given to organizations that demonstrate the highest dedication to improving and providing patients with best quality of care. The Mayo Clinic takes pride in being able to provide the highest level of care and to also maintain it. The Mayo Clinic has established a department to manage any infraction that may hinder its goal of achieving this standard it has set forth (Mayo Clinic For Patients, 2013). The Mayo clinic has to maintain a standard that is consistent with the reputation that they have established for themselves through risk and quality management. The Mayo Clinic has a compliance and integrity program established to reinforce safety. This program is put into place to monitor the overall business practices and to ensure they are being conducted with integrity. The program puts a ll policies and procedures under one chain of command so that they can be monitored and used as a means of communication for employees. The compliance office oversees the directing and receiving of reports, questions, and concerns about the care provided. The Compliance Office works with all department heads and stakeholders to ensure regulations and requirements are met (Integrity and Compliance Program, 2011). They also establish furthering education so that employees are up to date on current rules and regulations. The compliance office is open to receive any and all violations reports. The violations are investigated thoroughly. This program ensures that the company is able to provide statements in relation to its business practices, current and forthcoming law changes, and to protect itself and staff from any civil or legal issues. The integrity and compliance program applies to all individuals who work in any capacity at the mayo clinic from main stakeholder to students and volunteers. Workers are expected to report any violations that are suspected or otherwise known (Integrity and Compliance Program, 2011). The compliance program offers an open door policy and protects its employees from retaliation. The purpose for this office is to identify violations that are against company policy and the company and its employees to be civilly liable, and criminally liable. Each Mayo facility has a compliance officer on staff to ensure its compliance an d integrity program is being fulfilled. Compliance officers are responsible for investigating suspected violations. Each employee is required to take a compliance-training course to ensure that they know what is expected of them when they witness, suspect, or commit a violation. The compliance program further educates new employees on the standard in which Mayo conducts business. The current state of providing healthcare is ever changing and the Mayo Clinic has to stay one step ahead and ensure that their employees are properly educated in all aspects of healthcare laws (Integrity and Compliance Program, 2011). Abrazo recognized as 2011 as Best in Arizona by U.S. News and World Report, One of the Best in Phoenix, ranked #12 for the Arrowhead Hospital are a few of its great recognition as an great health care organization. The Joint Commission name Maryvale Hospital for heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia and surgical care as â€Å"top Performer†. The American Heart Association and American Stroke Association awarded The Sliver Plus Achievement Award for 2012 and 2011 to Phoenix Baptist Hospital and the Arizona Quality Alliance awarded Arrowhead Hospital in 2012 for Excellence. Abrazo Health Hospital has done and continues to contribute the best qua lity care in the valley for its community. Maintaining a fact sheet that include Medical Group, Health Institute, School-Based Health Centers, an Emergency Center in North Peoria, and providing health plans for those who need help in these areas. Abrazo has also contributed to many charitable organizations in the Valley. Like the American Heart Association, Susan G. Komen, YMCA, Leadership Council, and many high schools. They continue to provide information to the community and continue huge amount of support to the American Heart Association, Community Education and Outreach, Fire Service Leadership Conference, Keogh Foundation, School-Based Health Centers, Susan G. Komen, Race for Cure, The Legacy Backpack Buddies, and the Valley of the Sun United Way. Abrazo Health is part of the Nashville-based Vanguard Health System who embraces non-profit health care systems and serves as a bridge for these non-profit organizations to connect, serve as a business partner to for-profit corporation. The Vanguard Health System and Abrazo Health continue to provide top quality care in affiliation with board certified physicians, nursing professionals and well-trained staff, all who were recognized by national organization that share the same values in patient care. Showing Distinguished Awards from American Heart Association, Arizona Quality Alliance, The Joint commission, and named â€Å"Best in Phoenix† by U.S. New and World Report, Abrazo leads in the healthcare industry with a fantastic reputation. Another organization’s risk and quality management that finds themselves in a unique situation between providing the best resources possible to the community and regulation is the Southwest Autism Research Resource Center. The Southwest Autism Research Resource Center, also known as SARRC, is a non-profit, community-based organization that conducts research and distributes information, as well as supports individuals with autism and their families. In 2009, SARRC conducted 250 training and orientations, as well as offered information and services to students and staff in 90 Arizona schools. All of the services they offer are of highest quality and evidence based (Sarrc, n.d.). Autism touches on a broad spectrum of conditions and behaviors. In order to provide support for this spectrum, SARRC performs and receives research from many doctors as well as developmental psychologists. Performance is monitored by how the varying levels of success the therapies have on developmental delays such as feeding, speech, and social skills. Autism touches on a broad spectrum of conditions and behaviors. In order to provide support for this spectrum, SARRC performs and receives research from many doctors as well as de velopmental psychologists. Performance ismonitored by how the varying levels of success those therapies have on developmental delays such as feeding, speech, and social skills. For SARRC, the main regulatory body that effects accreditation on research and treatment is the Arizona Board of Psychologist Examiners. By following the guidelines set by the Arizona Board of Psychologist examiners, SARRC will be in compliance and be able to perform at expectations above the high standards set by the board. They also have to make sure that they are following regulations set forth by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Some of these regulations include the use of electronic records, protection of human subjects, informed consent, and specific safeguards for children. By continuing partnerships with doctors and researchers and following the guidelines set by the regulatory board, SARRC can focus on becoming the center of choice for those seeking assistance Autism spectrum disorders. This will help improve overall organizational performance. The most important part of an organization is to make sure everyone at all levels is working toward a unified goal. Some levels of the organization may have other compartmentalized goals, but overall the message should be clear. Leadership should set the expectations of all incoming employees, but all employees should have a way of giving feedback to leadership on how they feel the organization is progressing to its goal. Staff needs to know that without compliance and accreditation guidelines the organization cannot survive, much less thrive on the assistance it provides to the community. The goal is to have a majority of the staff believe in the direction of the organization and for the organization to listen to its employees. Compliance and regulation set the tone for risk and quality management systems in an organization. Certain aspects may help or hinder performance depending on the particular regulations set by the state. With the guidelines in place, quality management can gauge whether exceeding these standards would help the organization. Besides the level of service provided in quality management, risk management dictate that these actions are responsible from a fiduciary standpoint. Nonprofit organizations aren’t in it to make the big bucks per se, but they still are a business that needs to run and pay employees, facilities, and other services provided. Abrazo Health offers a broad range of medical services, internal medicine, general surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, mother and infant care, diagnostic imaging, and emergency service. Mayo clinic offers cardiology, diabetes, and neurology surgery. SARCC focuses primarily on autism research. Abrazo departments are strictly viewed by the board members to ensure safe and quality care is being provided. Abrazo has over 5,000 employees, 600 volunteers and 2,000 affiliated physicians, and are located all over the Phoenix Valley. The Mayo Clinic is somewhat nationwide with its main facilities in Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona. The Mayo Clinic staffs and employs around 61,000 employees. The mayo clinic also has a research department and an accredited medical school established to train medical professionals and student medical doctors (Mayo Clinic facts – 2012, 2013). Abrazo Health Hospital has five acute who are all accredited by The Joint Commission (TJC) who have accredited hospit al for more than 50 years. Arrowhead Hospital, Maryvale Hospital, Phoenix Baptist Hospital and West Valley Hospital are recognized as a certified Primary Stroke Center and are a part of the Abrazo Health Hospital. All three of these organizations are not for profit. Each facility has its own purpose and mission statement. Not all healthcare facilities are the same as they provide care in their own way established from their own standards and levels of care. Each has a common goal in providing the highest level of care in any treatment they provide. Each has the tough task of always having to update their quality and risk management goals to meet the demands of the public and reimbursement agencies along with maintaining their accreditations. Quality and risk management have to be proactive and stopping incidents before they start. Incidents cost organizations financially and in the long run take away from the level of care that they are trying to provide. References Abrazo Health. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.abrazohealth.com/home.aspx Integrity and Compliance Program. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/mcitems/mc2500-mc2599/mc2570.pdf Mayo Clinic Facts — 2012. (2001-2013). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/about/facts.html Mayo Clinic For Patients. (2013). Retrieved from http://health.usnews.com/besthospitals/area/mn/mayo-clinic-661MAYO/for-patients SARRC. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://autismcenter.org/about_sarrc.aspx - University of Phoenix Material Organizational Performance Management Table After you have completed your individual research on your chosen type of health care organization, collaborate with your Learning Team to complete this table. Then, refer to this table as you collaborate to write your paper. Include this table as an appendix to your paper. Fill in the necessary information in each cell, but be as succinct as possible. 1. Provide names of or links to specific organizations. Summarize key products or services provided by each type of organization and identify the primary customers they serve. Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| MAYO Clinichttp://www.mayoclinic.com/The Mayo Clinic is a non-for-profit worldwide organization that is dedicated to medical care and research. They employee Doctors from all practices and utilize their expertise to work together for the better of the patients. The Mayo Clinic also has school for furthering education for medical professionals. They treat over a million people a year. Their mission is to provide care and let people care for themselves. They provide up to date information and methods for their patients and website | Abrazo HealthCarehttp://www.abrazohealth.com/home.aspx Abrazo Health offers a broad range of medial services, internal medicine, general surgery, cardiology, orthopedics, mother and infant care, diagnostic imaging, and emergency service. Providing new standard care and over 5,000 employees, 600 volunteers and 2,000 affiliated physicians. They are located all over the Phoenix Valley. | Southwest Autism Research Resource Center (SARRC)http://autismcenter.org/default.aspxSARRC is a non-profit, community-based organizations that conducts research and distributes information, as well as support for individuals with autism and their families. In 2009, SARRC conducted 250 trainings and presentations, as well as offered information and services to students and staff in 90 Arizona schools. All of the services they offer are of highest-quality and evidence-based. | 2. Outline the overall content of the major regulations, accreditation requirements, and other standards that affect each organization. Provide the title, section, parts, or subparts or the numbering system and so on of the specific regulations or accreditation requirements. For example: Use of electronic signatures in electronic medical records is equivalent to handwritten signatures on paper; FDA regulation; Title 21 CFR Part 11, Subpart C,  § 11.200 Electronic Signature: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?cfrpart=11 Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| Mayo Clinic and its website are accredited through the Joint Commission. The Joint Commission overseas hospitals that receive Medicaid reimbursements. The Joint Commission has also accredited the Mayo Clinic in its Advanced Stroke Center. Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) has accredited Mayo Clinic for their inpatient rehabilitation programs.CEO Cancer Gold Standard Accreditation.Breast Clinic has received the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers (NAPBC), a program administered by the American College of Surgeons.-Educational Accreditations Mayo Clinic’s College of Medicine, is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) which provides continuing medical education for physicians. Mayo Clinic College of Medicine designates these educational activities for category 1 credits toward the American Medical Association (AMA) Physicians Recognition Award.College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, has achieved Accreditation with Commendation – which is the highest level of recognition offered by ACCME.| Abrazo Health Hospital and the five acute are all accredited by The Joint Commission (TJC). The Joint Commision have been accredited hospital for more than 50 years. Arrowhead Hospital, Maryvale Hospital, Phoenix Baptist Hospital and West Valley Hospital are recognized as a cerified Pimary Stroke Center and are apart of the Abrazo Health Hospital. Also recognized as 2011 Best in Arizona. U.S. News and World Report, One of the Best in Phoenix, ranked #12- Arrowhead Hospital.TJC top Performer- Marvale Hospital for heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia and surgical care. American Heart Association and American Stroke Association- The Sliver Plus Achievement Award for 2012 and 2011 to Phoenix Baptist Hospital.Arizon a Quality Alliance- Award for Excellence to Arrowhead Hospital in 2012. Abrazo Health Hospital have done and continue to contribute the best quality care in the valley for years. | Use of electronic records and electronic cignatures Title 21 CFR Part 11 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=11 Protection of Human Subjects Title 21 CFR Part 50 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=50 Informed ConsentTitle 21 CFR Part 50.25 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=50.25 Safeguards for ChildrenTitle 21 CFR Part 50.55 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=50.55 | 3. Highlight the effect of each organization’s regulations, accreditation requirements, and other standards on the risk- and quality-management functions and activities. Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| Mayo Clinic has a standard of practice, therefore they need the highest of accreditations. They have to maintain their level year round to not only their patients but also their employees. Risk management has to assess any and all possible issues that could cost the company money and loss of productivity due to fines, and employment turn over. Quality management has to ensure that all employees are up to date on education and changes in regulations and procedures. The accreditations aloow the Mayo Clinic to conduct certain researches and also certain procedures such as brain and cardio surgical procedures. Without the accreditation they would not be able to perform said procedure and therefore lose money. | Abrazo Health has 5 acute hospitals in the state of Arizona. Arrowhead, Maryvale, Paradise Valley, Phoenix, and in West Phoenix. Each providing a broad range of medial needs and working with the Arizona Heart Hospital and leading a great reputation in the cardiovascular department. Abrazo has been rewards on numerous occasions which has lead the organization to continue to provide great quality care all over the metropolitan area of Phoenix Arizona. Abrazo Health maintain a fact sheet which include Medical Group, Health Instutute, School-Based Health Centers, an Emerg ency Center in North Peoria, and providing health plans. Abrazo has also contributed to many charitable organizations in the Valley. Like the American Heart Association, Susan G. Komwn, YMCA, Leadershio Council, and many high schools., they continue to provide information to the community and continue huge amount of support to the American Heart Assoication, Community Education and Outreach, Fire Service Leadership Conference, Keogh Foundation, School-Based Health Centers, Susan G. Komen, Race for Cure, The Legacy Backpack Buddies, and the Valley of the Sun United Way.| Since SARRC is a non profit research organization located in Arizona, not only do they have to comply with non-profit laws but also the regulation of the Arizona Board of Psychologist Examiners. This board of examiners regulates how employees of SARRC are licensed to perform work with children and the education they need to keep licenses up to date. From a risk standpoint the board ensures that SARRC employees are li censed to give psychological treatment to children and to use safe methods. This also helps SARRC maintain high quality as the research techniques used exceed the Board of examiners qualifications as per SARRC programs (http://autismcenter.org/programs.aspx)| 4. Specify components of performance-management systems—policies and procedures, self-audits, benchmarking, complaint management, corrective or preventive action, education and training, communication, and other mechanisms—to be used by each organization. Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| Mayo Clinic has a compliance department and employs compliance officers that ensure policies and procedures are being followed accordingly. Compliance officers investigate all forms of complaints and work with department directors and managers to manage investigations and look for ways to stop these issues before they start. Education is developed through past incident along with present and future policy and law changes.| Abrazo part of the Nashville-based Vanguard Health System who Abrzo providing top quality care in affiliated with board certified physicians, nursing professionals and well-trained staff who have been recognized by national organization who share the same value in patient care. Showing Distinguished Awards from American Heart Association, Arizona Quality Alliance, The Joint commission, and named â€Å"Best in Phoenix† by U.S. New and World Report, Abrzon leads in the healthcare industry with a fantastic reputation. | SARRC research led by Christopher Smith, Ph. D an experimental psychologist, uses collaboration between different methods and scientists to find the possible causes of autism. Since autism is such a broad spectrum and there is no pinpointed contributing factor, most of the research and progress in the field is experimental. Most patients go in with the understanding that Autism may not be something that is curable. Performance is measured by the proven research methods which are demonstrated to work the most effectively for the child which varies per child for the broad spectrum disorder.| 5. Provide links to any relevant sources that will be useful as your Learning Team completes the paper. Organization One| Organization Two| Organization Three| http://www.mayoclinic.org/mcitems/mc2500-mc2599/mc2570.pdfhttp://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/mn/mayo-clinic-661MAYO/for-patientshttp://www.mayoclinic.org/about/facts.html| | |

Bolivia †Privatization or Nationalization? Essay -- Economics Politi

Bolivia – Privatization or Nationalization? Bolivia was once a rich and prosperous country but is now one of the poorest nations in the world. The economy of Bolivia used to be rich in agriculture and mining but now searches to find something prosperous again. Privatization of certain companies has started in the country but was expelled when mass protests began. The companies’ prices are too high and the people used their culture and history to get rid of them. The Cochabamba protests of 2000 and the Bolivian gas referendum of 2004 are a couple of examples that show the power the people of Bolivia have over their own government. The History of Bolivia Bolivia is a landlocked country in South America. It borders many countries including Chile, Peru, Argentina, and Brazil. Bolivia is part of the Andean region and has been inhabited for almost 20,000 years. The Tiwanakan people inhabited the area until about 1200 A.D. In which the Incas to over and ruled the area until the Spanish conquest showed its power throughout all of South America. Both cultures have greatly influenced the life of a Bolivian citizen. The Spanish held their power of Bolivia until it claimed its independence in 1809. Bolivia went to war with Spain for many years and final won on August 6, 1825. Bolivia, although independent, could never regain its steps. The governments from here on out were all very weak and only hurt the country as a whole. Many countries saw this weakness including Chile who went to war with Bolivia in the War of the Pacific (1879-1883). Up until this point Chile had a coast but the loss of this war also was the loss of the coastl ine and Bolivia then became a landlocked country. After this Bolivia found its... ... government which intern will make the right decisions for the country of Bolivia. These will only be a stepping stone in helping Bolivia reform its economy and reinstate them as a wealthy nation. Works Cited 1. Answers.com. â€Å"Bolivian Gas War.† http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery? method=4&dsid=2222&dekey=Bolivian+Gas+War&gwp=8&curtab=2222_1 2. Bolivia Web. â€Å"Cochabamba.† http://www.boliviaweb.com/cities/cbba.htm 3. Explainthatinfo.com. â€Å"Cochabamba protest of 2000.† http://www.explainthat.info/co/cochabamba-protests-of-2000.html 4. Infosearchpoint.com. â€Å"Privatization.† http://www.infosearchpoint.com/display/Privatization 5. Watkins, Thayer. â€Å"San Jose State University Economics Department.† http://www2.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/bolivia.htm 6. World66. â€Å"History.† http://www.world66.com/southamerica/bolivia/history

Language barriers Essay

I agree with what you said that society expects much more from women as compared to men. People grew up with the idea that men should have this rough exterior, which means talking loudly, cursing, and not allowed to cry. It is okay for them to behave in unacceptable manners just because they are men. Women, on the other hand, are expected to act delicately. Those who would act otherwise would be looked down upon. It is very unfortunate that you were taught such things regarding behaving in public because it meant being held back of your feelings, thoughts, and actions. People who think lowly of those who do not act or speak according to their preference are very shallow and only attract conflict with others because of their attitude. I think that not being â€Å"direct† with a stranger is acceptable. Although we want to be transparent to other people, we should still be reserved in the things that we say to protect ourselves. You are right in saying that this could cause misunderstanding because people may not be able to get your point. At times, it is hard to communicate with people that you do not know because of language barriers. This is especially hard when dealing with the opposite sex who might not see things your way and may have the tendency to misinterpret what you are saying. You are also correct in saying that people should be more flexible in terms of following the rules of gender because not all scenarios are the same for everybody else. Also, people are not perfect and would be able to act according to the rules at all times. Men cry. Women curse and shout. It does not matter where they are or when they choose to do so because they should not be judged for their actions and decisions. People do not know what caused their actions and have no right in thinking lowly of them. Your experiences are similar to mine in that I am also a female and that I am expected the best behavior at all times just because of my gender. I also tend to become reserved when dealing with people I do not closely work with because I do not feel comfortable enough to share important information with them. I find having friends, specifically female friends, very comforting because they are able to empathize with me when I need them to. They are also able to give their opinions without appearing biased or judgmental. We all grew up thinking the same things regarding how men and women should act and speak, especially in front of everyone else. This is why it is hard for some to see behaviors that contradict what they have known growing up, which is why they too cannot be blamed. This is the reason why people need to be more open-minded when it comes to understanding others and even the opposite sex. Men and women communicate in different ways and people need to accept this fact. After accepting and adjusting to this reality, people should find ways on how to understand each other more effectively. If it means talking more often or asking questions, then this should be done. On the other hand, people should also learn how to listen and explain what they feel and think better. Your self-reflection says that we should be more understanding and I believe that this is one key to a better communication. We should also make it a point to practice what we preach. If we think that people should be more understanding of others, we should start with ourselves and practice this thought. We should never base our opinions from one encounter with a person because we would not be able to see the real them with just one experience.

“A Helping Hand” Story Essay

In the story, â€Å"A Helping Hand† I am creating a Gothic tale which takes place in the mid-eighteenth century in London, England where the madman of this story takes his hostage, a young dancer by the name of Mary, who is an eighteenth century prostitute, who has something on hand, in which this Gothic creature, longs for.   I intend to create a desperate and scary situation, that will leave my reading audience paralyzed with fear but unable to pull themselves away from this story. It will be a winning Gothic tale; hands down! The hallowing winds hurled Mary’s hair into air, as she crossed the rocky road that led her to her tiny stone villa, on Fourth Street.   She had danced easily for the gentlemen callers who had paid their dues, in order to watch her move across the floor with incredible grace and little clothing. She had performed this dance ritual for several months, now, and she had saved up enough money to pay her rent plus buy food, which was a rarity she had earlier missed. She searched her bag for the golden key that would allow her to enter, and she panicked when she discovered it wasn’t in its proper place. The wind had picked up even more strength and she could barely hold her feet on the ground as she continued to look for the key. There was a humming in the distance, and she convinced herself that it was just another voice that the storm was offering, and as it grew louder and clearer, she froze where she stood. She could feel him standing behind her, but she couldn’t allow herself to look. She could barely catch her breath and as she felt his hand rest on her shoulder, she closed her eyes and pretended she was back on the dance floor. He smelled of cedar and whiskey and as he brushed his hand across the back of her neck, she spoke words that she had no idea where they emerged from. â€Å"Can I help you?† I was all she could say and she wondered if he had been a male caller who had watched her dance, earlier. She could feel the sharp object protruding from his arm and when she was finally able to turn around; she saw that he was equipped with the prosthetic hand that he had used to touch her. Had he any feelings in his hands? He must have, since she could feel the warmth that radiated from the object. She looked him in his face as he dangled the golden key before her. He had somehow managed to steal his way into her existence and now she had no other choice but to follow him inside the home that had earlier provided her a safe haven. He didn’t speak but his eyes said all that she needed to know. He was there for one reason and she could feel his eyes piercing her soul as he placed the artificial hand to her chest. â€Å"Mary, be kind!† Were the first words he spoke as she wiped a single tear from her cheeks, and removed her sweater. â€Å"No!† His voice was strong and he had not wanted this from her, but something much more personal. There was no way she could give this to him, and as she thought about it, she would have rather that he had been a crude pervert who only wanted her body, but he was asking for more than that! Her body tightened and she stood immobilized as he seemed to say thank you with his eyes and she suddenly wished that she hadn’t moved away from her family. They had warned her about the dangers that existed in London, England and had advised her to reconsider her move so far away from those who cared about her. But, she had been strong-willed and their words of advice hadn’t been able to convince her. He was growing impatient and she wished that his breathing could have been gentler and as she realized there was no way of escaping, she at last reached offered her hand to him. He had stroked it with affection. It was something that he had desired for so long and when he saw how gracefully they moved while she danced, he couldn’t bare not to have one of them, as his own. He removed a long razor that was attached to a wooden handle and he placed his arm around her arms and chest to secure them, so they wouldn’t flop or flinch, as he removed the precious gift. The scream was shrilling and the terror he saw in her eyes didn’t faze him. He wanted it so badly that her pain, he felt, was a small price to pay for the happiness it would bring to him. It was a gift that would enable him to give back so much more than she could ever offer with the long fingered hand. It was after midnight when she finally awoke. The medicine he had given her had caused her to sleep as he ceased the blood flow and sutured the wound that he had given her. It would have proven more beneficial if it had caused her to sleep through the blunt trauma but that kind of pain could not be stopped by anything, including the strong tranquilizer he had shoved down her throat before the surgery. Her eyes fluttered and he seemed to move in a cloud over her, as she whispered that she needed water. He held the vial of fluid to her lips as she took the first sip and she searched his eyes once more, trying to remember the events of the night and as she saw her hand moving toward her face, she realized it was her own. â€Å"My unselfish love, you have given to me of yourself. You have freely offered the gracefulness of your touch that I will forever feel against my flesh. I will carry this part of your body with me forever, and I will always be thankful to you!† He had seemed appreciative as she tried to lift her limb that was wrapped in blood-stained wrapping that was lifted above her head. She thought about her family as she wondered if she would ever see them again as she felt a shot of blood pulsate through the bandage. She had never felt pain of this severity and as she tried to raise herself to a standing position, this stranger pulled her back to the bed and stroked her face with his feminine fingers. It was two days before she could gather the energy to walk to her small kitchen and when she did, she searched for him and in a whimpering voice she called out to him. There was no reply as she drank a full glass of the water that she had so thirsted for. She searched each dark room and he was nowhere to be found. She let out a tiny sigh of relief as she walked toward the front door. She would find someone who could help her; someone who could call a family member or take her to get some medical help. Her wrist felt like fire moving through the end and she held it tightly as she ran toward safety. The coldness of the day and the bitter rain exaggerated the pain she felt but she knew she couldn’t delay. She had to find someone who could cause this horrible pain to go away. As she picked up speed, heading in the direction of the ancient saloon, she heard him breathing but continued on her important journey. The saloon was full of familiar faces and as she walked across the floor she saw him gazing at her, once again. He held his graceful hand across the table as she watched him and suddenly moved in his direction. â€Å"Mary, you won’t tell anyone! A gift is something you don’t take back or fret over but something you offer in return for the comfort of knowing that you have helped another. Haven’t you ever heard that it is better to give than to receive?† She was lost for words as she witness the boldness of his speech that flowed from his lips, so easily. â€Å"Mary, I didn’t ask you for an arm or leg; just a gift for someone who was in need. All I asked for was a helping hand!†

How to Write a Good Psychology Essay

How to Write a Good Psychology Essay How to Write a Good Psychology Essay Writing a good psychology essay is not an essay task, as it depends on adhering to appropriate psychology guidelines for writing. The psychology essay topic should be thoroughly researched with qualified and credible academic sources, such as reputable websites, peer-reviewed journals and other reputable publications. In addition, the essay should be properly formatted according to APA style, which is the most widely used writing style by psychology writers. This style is defined by the American Psychological Association (APA). Choosing a Psychology Topic Although you may be allowed to choose your own topic, the professor often assigns psychology essay topics to students. These topics are often in the form of research questions. If you choose the topic, make sure it is course relevant and one that is interesting to you. If it doesn’t interest you, then chances are it won’t interest your readers either. Structuring the Psychology Essay Be sure to follow all required guidelines given by the professor and ask questions if anything is unclear about the assignment. Your first task should be determining an argument for your essay and presenting it well. You need a concise thesis statement explaining what the essay will highlight and attempt to prove, and this should be backed up with credible sources offering evidence and theories which support and oppose the argument. Once the argument has been determined, it can be used as a blueprint for completing the essay. The psychology essay structure should basically consist of six portions: 1) the title, 2) the abstract, 3) the introduction, 4) the body, 5) the conclusion, and 6) the reference page. Title – Make the title concise and interesting enough to capture the reader’s attention and convince the reader to continue reading your essay. Abstract – This is a summary of the essay argument, explaining how the argument will be proven. You should also include what conclusion you aim to come to in the abstract. Introduction – The introduction gives a brief outline of the topic and pertinent issues leading into the argument. It should be no longer than 10% to 12% of the total essay content. Body – This portion is where the essay topic and ideas are organized and is the bulk of the essay content. The body presents the argument and evidence for and against it, and it examines and highlights theoretical research pertaining to the topic. Conclusion – This portion is a concise summary of the main points of the essay. The argument is restated and information on alternative thoughts and reasons for further research are included. References – Be sure to use the proper citation and referencing style assigned by your professor. Psychology essays are usually in APA style.

Moa-Nalo - Facts and Figures

Moa-Nalo - Facts and Figures Name: Moa-Nalo (Hawaiian for lost fowl); also known by the genus names Chelychelynechen, Thambetochen and Ptaiochen Habitat: Hawaiian islands Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (two million-1,000 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to three feet high and 15 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Vestigial wings; stocky legs About the Moa-Nalo About three million years ago, a population of mallard-like ducks managed to reach the Hawaiian islands, smack in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Once ensconced in this remote, isolated habitat, these lucky pioneers evolved in a very strange direction: flightless, goose-like, stocky-legged birds that fed not on small animals, fish and insects (like most other birds) but exclusively on plants. Collectively known as Moa-Nalo, these birds actually comprised three separate, closely related, and nearly unpronounceable generaChelychelynechen, Thambetochen and Ptaiochen. (We can thank modern science for what we know about the Moa-Nalo: analysis of fossilized coprolites, or petrified poop, has yielded valuable information about these birds diet, and traces of preserved mitochondrial DNA point to their duck ancestry, their most likely modern descendant being the Pacific Black Duck.) Sincelike the distantly related Dodo Bird of the island of Mauritius-the Moa-Nalo had no natural enemies, you can probably guess the reason it went extinct around 1,000 A.D. (See our slideshow of 10 Recently Extinct Birds.) As far as archeologists can tell, the first human settlers arrived on the Hawaiian islands about 1,200 years ago, and found the Moa-Nalo easy pickings (since this bird was unfamiliar with humans, or with any natural predators, it must have possessed a very trusting nature); it didnt help that these human pioneers also brought with them the usual complement of rats and cats, which further decimated the Moa-Nalo population, both by targeting the adults and stealing their eggs. Succumbing to intense ecological disruption, the Moa-Nalo disappeared off the face of the earth about 1,000 years ago, and was unknown to modern naturalists until the discovery of numerous fossils in the early 1980s.

Sustainable Business Practice in a Dynamic Global Environment Case Study

Sustainable Business Practice in a Dynamic Global Environment - Case Study Example etting is often understood as the voluntary integration of social, environmental and economic concerns in business operations and stakeholder relations†. There is a link among these factors since they interact when a business carries out its activities. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept that mainly focuses on the business’s relationships with social values, responsibilities and the earth that sustains it (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). This concept suggests that businesses are part of the whole meaning that they are supposed to be responsible for their actions rather than just being concerned about generating profits. In other words, they should plough back to the communities in the environment in which they are operating. Businesses must be accountable for their activities and they must also engage in charity activities as a sign of showing goodwill to the disadvantaged members of the community in particular. The other important concept is sustainable development that has a bearing on the sustainability of the organization in its operations. Sustainable development is concerned with utilization of natural resources in such a way that the future generations can also enjoy the same resources (McNeely, 1992). In order for organizations to be in a position to sustain their operations in the long run, there is need to create a fine balance between the needs of the stakeholders and protection of the environment. This goes hand in hand with the concept of eco efficiency which is concerned with utilising ecological resources in an efficient way such that there are no unnecessary wastages recorded. Holistic Risk Management refers to the process of implementing effective measures that are specifically meant to deal with uncertainties that are often encountered by the business in its operations (Josler & Burger, 2005). The other important concept related to corporate sustainability strategies is sustainable innovation. This refers to a process of

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Poem - Essay Example The poem can be taken to be a sort of ode to the women’s liberation movement. It is about a woman who does not follow what is expected, but rather marches to the beat of her own drum. A woman, who is dubbed as crazy, because she is not one to follow societal rules, is the subject of this poem. This poem is written by an African American woman; that factor causes this poem to carry even more meaning, as now we see someone who is burdened doubly by the society, both for being African-American and for being a woman, and yet she is brave enough to cast rules aside and live her life according to her own whims and desires. The fact that she terms those who stare at her odd ways as â€Å"little people† is testament to the fact of her low opinion regarding them. This is, indeed a beautiful piece of work that relates, in a few lines the experience of a woman who wants to live life at her own terms. I found it to be very refreshing, as we live in a world where people often obey s ocietal rules unquestioningly, to have someone who does not do so gives me hope that there will always be people who will question the status quo of things. Equality – Maya Angelou Maya Angelou’s poem Equality talks about, as is apparent from its title, equality. In this poem, she is trying to make out a case for those who are oppressed, as they call out and profess their desire to be considered equal. This poem can have a twofold meaning.

History Of Danish Furniture Design Cultural Studies Essay

History Of Danish Furniture Design Cultural Studies Essay Scandinavia is generally well-known for its design represented by pure and simple lines which is focusing on users needs. Nowadays people generally meet with design from north mainly in IKEA store however this is only one direction which was developed from Scandinavian Modernism with its origin in 1920 as Fiells (2002, pp. 8,16,18) explain. Denmark as one of the Scandinavian country also excels in design and especially in furniture objects. For example name as Arne Jacobsen speaks for success of Danish furniture design from 1950s and 1960s as this period has been so far the most celebrated (Danish Design Centre, 2009) not only among Danes. However does this affirmation automatically leads to a conviction that the same can be asserted about Danish graphic design? It should not be a matter of fact to consider that product design and graphic design are developing the same and therefore they need to be on the same level. These two disciplines are not identical to which heads an attitude that Danish graphic design is in the shadow of Danish furniture design. To advance towards to the design situation in Denmark this work will concentrate on development of these two art disciplines from their beginnings through the contemporary works up to the young artists and companies who supposedly can form the future of the furniture and graphic design in Denmark. 2. HISTORY OF DANISH FURNITURE DESIGN To better understand why Danish product design and specially furniture design became internationally rather well known than the graphic design, in the first following paragraphs will be described certain parts of the history which had an impact on the development of design in Denmark. Furthermore these two areas of design will be firstly analysed separately based on historical consecution which caused future international success or failure of these disciplines. One of the most iconic design from Denmark according to Fiells (2002, p. 30) which brought fame to Danish furniture design is a chair number 3107 created by Arne Jacobsen. However before all of the achievements of this talented man can be enumerated, much more have to be described from the history of Denmark. Fiells (2002, pp. 20,22) indicate that Danish tradition of craftsmanship go down back up to the Viking Age when Danes learned how to process existing materials for producing objects for everyday use. With such deep history of craftsmanship, they were able to learn how to create quality made products. Nevertheless the production of industrial design absolutely began at the end of eighteenth century by foundation of Royal Copenhagen Porcelain Manufactury. During many years Danes were influenced by various elements but the main principles always stayed the same. Function, beauty and good choice of material can be found in almost all designs which were created in Denmark even tens y ears ago. The Authors who are engaged in the theme of Scandinavian design (Fiells, 2002, p. 23; Bhaskaran 2005, p. 168) clarify that all these elements formed in late 1930s art movement Danish Modernism which is a part of Scandinavian Modernism and last up to the present days. 2.1 Kaare Klint Since there are many significant designers in the history of Denmark it is impossible to mentioned all of them. Therefore only the most important names which moved Danish design forward will be presented. As Fiells (2002, p. 352) assert, Kaare Klint was the first furniture designer who accentuated the importance of proportions of human body with a design of chairs. With his students at Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen at the furniture department he examined previous styles in order to develop better objects which would satisfied user even more. This different approach towards a process of designing helped him for example to create in 1933 the Deck chair (figure 01). This specific rest chair let to relax head due to added pillow or legs by movable lengthening part. By his unique attitude Klint influenced many of his students and moved Danish furniture design to another level. Furthermore as Fiells (2002, p. 23) emphasise since the days of Kaare Klint the origins of Dani sh and Scandinavian Modernism can be dating. 2.2 Poul Henningson designer of PH lamps In relation to the iconic Danish design objects, the PH lamps (figure 02) need to be involved. PH stands for the name of Poul Henningson who produced during his life more then 100 projects of lights as Fiells (2002, p. 243) indicate. Henningson as Klint also came with new approach, however not to the design of furniture but to the lightning. As Fiells (2002, p. 26) point Poul Henningson demanded a new view to the design. With an invention of light bulb the designer himself argued (Louis Poulsen Lighting, 2008) that not many lamps creator knew how to design pleasant artificial light. Henningson studied stages of the daylight and tried to applied found knowledges to his design of lightening. As Fiells (2002, p. 242) emphasize, Henningson was able to create set of lamps with shadings and coloured edges which did not illuminate the room by direct light. He was one of the first who required to design products for everyday use which can be bought not only by high classes of society in Denm ark but by everyone. Therefore while Klint was producing his furniture in few pieces from each design, Henningson started to manufacture his products massively. As Lauritsen (2004, p. 128) indicates the dark winter in Denmark forced people to use artificial lightning. Because of long dark evenings and affordable prices, it is supposed that PH lamps became very popular among Danes. In addition due to the well-developed concept and modern design, Henningsons lightings became a cult design object which is well-known in Denmark as well as abroad. 2.3 Arne Jacobson the most iconic Danish designer However the designer who brought most fame to the Danish design in general and whose works continue to be produced and sold successfully all over the world was still not mentioned. His name is Arne Jacobsen and as Fiells (2002, p. 296) assert, he is known for being the most famous designer and architecture creating in the middle of the twentieth century in Denmark. In area of architecture according to Byars (1994, p. 277) Jacobsen was inspired by European architects such as Le Corbusier or Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Due to this influence, in late 1920s he was the first who introduced Functionalism to Denmark by his project House of the future. Nevertheless this was only the beginning of his all achievements. Between the years 1958-1960 Jacobsen was in charge of a construction of SAS Royal Hotel in Copenhagen. But Jacobsen was not responsible for the building only as a architect but also as a designer of interior including furnishing from chairs to door handles. Comparing design of the building with the furniture and other objects which were created mainly for the guest rooms and lobby, Jacobsen succeeded more as a designer then an architect. The building of the hotel (obrazek) is identified by straight lines and cannot be overlooked mainly because of its heigh. Even Jacobsen himself admitted (Republic of Fritz Hansen, 2009) that many people who saw the building did not like its architecture. The furniture with its most famous Swan and Egg (figure 03) chair originally compete to the exterior by rounded lines. Regarding the design of mentioned Egg chair, few literature exploring design of products (Phaidon Design Classics 334-666, 2006, pp. 493,513; Byars, 1994, p. 277) claim that the firs t concept of this chair was resembling to the creation of Norwegian designer Henry Klein. Warning which was sent to Jacobsen need to be taken positively because he was forced to improve the Egg chair with futuristic rounded shapes of shell which made the design timeless. In addition Jacobsen designed also the Swan chair which creates the remaining part of the couple. As Fiells (2002, p. 302) emphasize, these two design objects were not significant only in the  hotel lobby and rooms but later on for furniture design generally. However the Swan not even the Egg chairs are still not the most famous. Before Arne Jacobsen started to work on project for SAS he designed the Ant (figure 04) and the Series 7 (figure 05) chairs. The Ant chair which was designed firstly in the year 1952 created big design attention when was introduced to public, as Heaths and Jensen (2000, p. 160) clarify. Moreover in 1955 Jacobsen presented developed version of the Ant chair the Series 7 chair, known also as a chair no. 3107 which Fiells (2002, p. 30) describe as one of the best-selling chairs of all-time, but also one of  the most iconic products of Danish design. With the first fabrication of the Ant chair is engaged a  story when Arne Jacobsen came to the front manufacturer Frintz Hansen with a  plea for a  production of his design. Unfortunately Hansen refused his request because of the high expenses for output. However he would offer him a cooperation but only if Jacobsen found a purchaser for his order. As Bo Rasmus sen (konggullerod, 2006), a factory manager of Fritz Hansen tells, Jacobsen found a costumer with demand after 300 chairs and the production could start. This anecdote clearly shows that behind the success of Jacobsens chairs is not only modern design but also a luck. Another statement pointed by Heaths and Jensen (2000, p. 113) which can clarify the success of the Ant and the Series 7 chair is its lightness and storage ability. This made the product easy to export and helped to spread this furniture out of Denmark and become known internationally. 2.4 Verner Panton designer of one-piece chair The last dominant designer who will be introduced in the next paragraphs, took completely different approach to the design of furniture than all mentioned artists above. Verner Panton, as Dickson (2006, p. 265) indicate, tried to use different materials than wood or leather, for example plastic. He was also avoiding natural colours and rather preferred colours such as red, yellow, purple or blue. As Byars (1994, p. 424) describe, before Panton started to work on many of his psychedelic furniture he was a part of Arne Jacobsens studio where he got a chance to be present in development of many well-known objects such as mentioned Ant chair. As Dickson (2006, p. 267) asserts, although Panton studied in Denmark and was surrounded by its design his gamesome fantasy and admiration for future were reflected in his work so dramatically that no company in Denmark was able to manufacture his projects. Therefore he decided to leave to Switzerland and to cooperate with Vitra company which had necessary technology to produce his most famous Panton Chair (figure 06). This iconic design object was long time in process before it could come to the production in 1967. While this chair was interesting for not having back abutment and for its utilization of a plastic with which there was not much experience, this design was created only from one piece, as Dickson (2006, p. 267) emphasized. These reasons and facts made Panton design world famous and contributed to the larger admiration of Danish product design. 3. HISTORY OF DANISH GRAPHIC DESIGN TILL 1960 In relation to all mentioned famous design products from Denmark, the Danish graphic design history also need to be mentioned to compare achievements of these two areas. 3.1 Thorvald Bindesbà ¸ll first Danish graphic designer According to Ejlers (1997, pp. 58-59) the first artist who can be signed as a graphic designer was an  architect and product designer Thorvald Bindesbà ¸ll. Number of his works in area of graphic design is not extensive however for the Danish graphic design history there is one work which need to be mentioned. Architect Bindesbà ¸ll designed a logo and a label for Danish famous beer Carlsberg (figure 07) in 1904. Folkmann (2007) emphasizes that until then most of the graphic works produced in Denmark adapted typefaces mainly from Germany, except for Bindesbà ¸ll. Although he did not produced much works in area of graphic art he is reputable for the new approach to a design of typefaces. Instead of only accepting offered design from abroad, Bindesbà ¸ll created new type only for Carlsberg which the company with small changes has been using up to this day. This logo and its designer showed new direction to the Danish graphic design. Nevertheless in the course of several years the solution for Carlsbergs logo can be understood similar to typeface of Coca Cola. Although the typeface of Carlsberg does not appear handwritten as Coca Cola, there still can be found certain resemblance which does not make the logo outstanding for its design in the period when most of the letter design where inspired by a handwriting. Generally people are buying beer for its taste not for the logo itself and this is also a case of Carlsberg. Ejlers (1997, p. 61) himself assumes that graphic works of Bindesbà ¸ll usually did not follow any typographic rules because he treated letters as pictures. On the other hand he was the only artist among the famous graphic designers of the first half of twentieth century who achieved to created logo which has been in use both nationally and internationally for more than 100 years. 3.2 Architects in graphic design As was mentioned above, the logo was made by artist whose original profession was an architect. In the article by Ejlers (1997, p. 58), the author discusses a subject about graphic works done mainly in the first half of the twentieth century such as street signs, telephone directories, book covers or posters which where mostly created by architects. This reality could be caused by a fact that in Denmark during the first 50 years of twentieth century were no graphic design schools. As was already written, most of the typefaces where applied from German design therefore there was no need to employ graphic artists. When Carlsberg wished to have an original logo the company asked Thorvald Bindesbà ¸ll however not as an architect but as a graphic designer. Another well known architect and designer Knud V. Engelhart who was creating after Bindesbà ¸ll were influenced by his few works that he produced in the area of graphic design. Ejlers (1997, p. 62) explains that Engelhardts first work s were affected by Bindesbà ¸lls ornamental lettering. While later on he was able to develop his own style which can be seen for example on the typeface design of street signs done for north part of Copenhagen. His successor Gunnar Billmann Petersen, who cooperated with Ib Andersen who as well studied at School of Architecture, was also influenced at the beginning by works of his teacher. All these mentioned artists were sharing their experience and were influencing their successors however they created imaginary closed line of graphic designers which could not be often entered by others. This was true till year 1951 as Dickson (2006, p. 485) describes when Billmann Petersen became a professor of the first Department for Industrial design in history of Denmark at Copenhagens Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Students studying under this department were taught to design posters or typefaces as well as products such as lights or cars. More specialization was achieved in 1959 when the department was divided into the Industrial design programme and the first Graphic design programme leaded by already mentioned Billmann Petersen. Opening of this department gave new possibilities to students and to Danish graphic design in general. 3.3 Comparison with Europe However from comparing a foundation of the first Danish Department of Graphic design with for example German Bauhaus explicitly results how late this department was opened. Arntson (2007, p.  32) indicates that the Bauhaus was founded already in 1919 which shows a difference of 40 years. While the Bauhaus was already influencing not only graphic design but also other areas of art in Europe, Denmark was locked in a line of graphic architects creating one by one. On the other hand to point that in Denmark at the beginning of twentieth century was also another name than Bindesbà ¸ll or Petersen, an artist Valdemar Andersen must be mentioned. As Dickson (2006, p. 497) described, this painter worked also as an illustrator, interior designer or creator of packagings. His art was influenced and inspired mostly by French Art Nouveau which is visible from one of his commercial poster done for the newspapers The Politiken (figure 08) in 1908. His works were ornamental and simply ingenious. The use of colours and decoration elements in Andersens posters makes from him truly artist with feelings for composition. Nevertheless beside the graphic art growing in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century, Danish graphic design was not so courageous. From the works of Danish typeface designers can be remarked that they did not experiment much with the typography such as artist of the Bauhaus or Dadaism. Therefore they were not so remarkable and memorable as for example Guillaume Apollinaire or generally Swiss design. Moreover, if the Danish graphic design history will be compared to the history of Danish furniture design some differences showing backwardness of this art discipline could implicate. When graphic design started to be taught at Royal Academy in Copenhagen in 1959 the furniture design department was already training its students for 35 years. In addition while first students began to form the future of graphic design, Denmark could already be proud of design objects such as PH lamps or Jacobsens Ant chair. Till the year 1959 Denmark was still missing graphic design pieces which could be proudly sent to the international environment. 4. DANISH GRAPHIC DESIGN AFTER 1959 So far the paragraphs above were examining the events from the first half of the twentieth century. To be more precise till the year 1960, except for the Pantone chair which was produced in 1967. During the mentioned period the Danish art of graphic design did not succeed internationally as the  furniture products. Most of the iconic furniture design where created around 1950 while graphic design works were still at the beginning of its development. However when the first graphic department was established Danish graphic design expected improvement within this art area by arrival of new talented graphic designers. 4.1 Claus Achton Friss designer of Kingdom of Denmark To see how the graphic design situation has developed or not after the foundation of the first graphic department, the works of current designers will be introduced. The first artist who will be presented is Claus Achton Friss. Even he established his own studio already in 1950, most of his famous works came into being within next 30 years as Ejlers (1997, p. 71) reported. His design is well-known among Danes because most of them were done for the Kingdom of Denmark, for example Queen Margrethes monogram (figure 09) from the year 1976, embassy sign or national arms. As Ejlers also emphasized (1997, pp. 71-72) Friss was exceptional by his solutions of situations when he missed suitable fonts. He designed his own to fit with the client identity therefore Friss left behind a big amount of fonts. To examine the Queens monogram, as it is one of his most significant work, this design will be compared to monogram of the Swedish and British royal family members (figure 10,11). So far as both of the shown Danish and British monograms are for the queens, Frisss design appeals more feminine then another. The elegance in the design of thin lines suits to women generally more than bold letters. However the British solution shows power and hide femininity which can indicate to a  vulnerability that is a character incongruous with governance. Overall Friss was able to design suitable projects for Danish kingdom to represent itself with dignity which classified him among reputable Danish designers. 4.2 Ole Sà ¸ndergaard designer of pictograms and traffic signs If a good artist was determined by number of prizes, Ole Sà ¸ndergaard would be certainly one of them. Since the 1980 when the IG prizes for Danish graphic designers began to be awarded, from the information given by Schenstrà ¸m (2010) Ole Sà ¸ndergaard has already received six prizes given by Danish Design Centre. Additionally as Sà ¸ndergaard (Ole Sà ¸ndergaard, no date) indicates he was awarded by another 7 prices but only one of them from 1992 the European Community Design Prize was international. Considering the time period when he was working on most of his projects the number of awards should be interpreted as a success for Sà ¸ndergaards works. According to Dickson (2006, pp. 489,496), Sà ¸ndergaard is known in his home country as a designer of pictograms and road signs which he was creating during the last 10 years of twentieth century. Pictograms and all signs generally need to be simple and understandable therefore most of the Sà ¸ndergaards works are mainly simplified forms of symbols which were in the use before 1990. However comparing Ole Sà ¸ndergaards logo design to another graphic designer who was living and creating in the same time but in the different country shows lack of creativity in his works. Jan Solpera is a Czech graphic artist who also studied at university during 1960s as DvoÃ…â„ ¢Ãƒ ¡k (2010) affirms. Solpera was designing logos as Sà ¸ndergaard but on the contrary he participated in projects where he literally played and experimented with typography which is visible from his posters (figure 12). Sà ¸ndergaard on the other hand created technically clean design however with standard quality ( figure 13) where the creativity which would move his design to another level is missing. 4.3 Per Mollerup designer of Copenhagens airport signs Dickson (2006, p.493) suggests that Per Mollerup is also an important part of Danish graphic design since him with his studio was awarded for the Copenhagens airport signage (figure 14). With projects such as information and navigation systems the emphasis is placed on the user and his easier understanding of symbols rather than on a graphic aspect which is also important however it goes to the second place. While Per Mollerup was designing the airport sign he decided to stay with the proven combination of dark background and light lettering as many other airports (figure 15), in his case black and yellow. Therefore he was able to create simple navigation for travellers passing through Copenhagen airport which has been in use already for 20 years, as Dickson (2006, p.493) indicates. 4.4 Bo Linnemann and Kontrapunkt Another contemporary designer which can compete with Ole Sà ¸ndergaard by numbers of received awards is Bo Linnemann. Except approximately 12 prizes from Danish Design Centre, Linnemann received also several international as different sources (Danish Faces, 2007; Schenstrà ¸m, 2010) show. In comparison with Sà ¸ndergaard, Bo Linnemann together with two other partners founded about 25 years ago the Kontrapunkt firm. It is a design and brand company which operates not only in Denmark but also in Japan, as the agency (Kontrapunkt, 2010) reports. Graphic works of Kontrapunkt are distinguished mainly by light colours and simplicity of design solutions which make them appeal purely, modern and minimalistic. The best examples which would represent style of the studio are projects of visual identities for Danish chemists (figure 16) or Japanese Tasaki which produced pearl jewellery (figure 17). It is probably because of Danish liking for simplicity that Kontrapunkt is in charge of design for public places such as Billund airport, Movia transfer, Danish Railways or Copenhagens tourist centre where the Danish graphic design is mediated to tourist and foreigners. 4.5 Graphic and furniture design at the end of twentieth century These mentioned designers has been working in graphic area after the first graphic design department at Royal Academy was established. Even they have created larger amount of works than graphic designers from the line of architects, compared to success of furniture designers this art continuously missing the iconic design as appeared in Danish product design in form of Ant chair or PH lamps. Graphic design works are considerably less imaginative, challenging and playful than the furniture design objects. Although all the design is technically well-done the idea for the design solution is in general standard. Awarded graphic designers such as Kontrapunkt, Ole Sà ¸ndergaard or Per Mollerup, as Schenstrà ¸m (2010) reported, were given repetitively the prizes for commercial projects which were limited in area of creativity. These designers were not awarded for creative works which would allowed them express themselves entirely. But for more serious works such as airport or traffic sign s that need to follow given rules. In general from all presented graphic works and designers can be seen that Danes understand graphic design more as a means for a commercial communication rather then an art tool. 5. FUTURE OF DANISH DESIGN Even nowadays, time is passing faster then ever, the Art cannot become iconic over a night. Designers who were designing their works within past 10 years still cannot be fairly appreciated because society needs to evaluate these arts with some time distance. This statement is supported by the fact that Danish Design prizes for graphic design were not awarded right after the establishment of the first graphic department. It toke 20 years when the first graphic design project was given the IG prize as is known (Danish Design Centre, 2008, p.35) because Denmark had a need of time for graphic designers to gain experience. Artist who were presented in the paragraphs before are according to different mentioned sources so far the best of Danish graphic design. However they cannot be equaled to names such as Arne Jacobsen or Verner Panton as their works are not so iconic as works of Danish furniture designers. 5.1 Young Danish graphic designers and studios With arrival of new technologies, forms of graphic design are changing all around the world. From the end of nineteenth century till almost the end of twentieth one of the most powerful medium was a poster, in general prints. Despite of its previous popularity this medium has being supplied by more digital art such as websites or digital panel and it is presumptive that posters will slowly disappeared (BlaÃ…Â ¾ek et al., 2010). Therefore future generation of graphic designers are adapting themselves to the new call in graphic industry. There are many artists who were influenced by the digitalization and now mainly work with popular computer graphic such as Aastrud Sigrid and Bay Thomas (Worldwide graphic design, Scandinavia, 2009, p. 222) as can be seen from examples of their works for Ford (figure 18). Or Stefan Mylleager (Worldwide graphic design, Scandinavia, 2009, p. 223) who creates mainly motion graphic videos (figure 19) and CD covers. Not only these artists but many other s will probably develop this art direction which is due to the internet and other modern technologies, which spread information quickly and everywhere, a matter not only of Denmark but global. However there is another group of artists which creates in different direction. It could be probably caused by the big digital press that some young designers rather based their creations on handwork, usually in illustrations which are afterwards retouched in graphic programs than only on computers. Some of them can be seen in the publication presenting Scandinavian graphic designers (Worldwide graphic design, Scandinavia, 2009, pp.  222-223) such as Ehlers Sune who illustrates his Duudle creatures (figure 20), brothers Rune and Esben Fisker who create animation videos and illustrations (figure 21) or Thoberk Jakob who worked in Spild Af Tid design studio focusing on different kind of media done by animation or illustration. Another young artist Karina Petersen who is mentioned by Devroye (2010) experiments with typography by different forms of expression (figure 22). All these mentioned designers present new view to graphic design either by digital art or illustrations. Nevertheless most of them express themselves more openly and playfully than the generation before which is the approach that Danish graphic design was missing. Moreover nowadays modern era with its technologies helps present artists easier and faster beyond the borders of Denmark. On the other hand they are facing to large competition in which they have to success. 5.2 Future of Danish furniture design The biggest success for Danish design was in 1950s and 1960s but since this time period Danish furniture products have not achieved such popularity. It seams that designers are aware of this situation because as Danish Design Centre (Danish Design Centre, 2009) remarked, within past several years relatively young companies began to introduce new quality products to the market. Hay is one of the firm which realises that Denmark cannot live only from the fame of previous generation but need to continue and develop. As Danish Design Centre (Danish Design Centre, 2008) also indicates, by cooperation with young artists Hay was able to create successful company with creative furniture solutions only within seven years. Their products such as the Blow chair (figure 23) or the Princess chair respects the elements of Danish Modernism as simplicity, importance of good usage of materials, quality technics of production and focus on user. Furthermore they do not only copy existing products howev er they bring something new and original into the Danish design of furniture. 6. CONCLUSION From the beginning of the twentieth century when the line of architects was working on graphic design projects and not even after the first establishment of the graphic design department. Danes have not been able to create graphic art which would become so iconic as furniture products from 1950s and 1960s. Most of the works were technically well made but missed ideas which would create from them better art then only standard. Comparing Danish graphic design works with others from Europe a lack of creativity can be found in their design solutions. This can be caused by working mostly on commercial projects where the creativity is usually limited by instructions and wishes of client. However this cannot be asserted about the furniture design consisted of iconic Ant, Egg or Panton chairs and PH lamps which are admired and well-sold even after 60 years from the day they were created. The Danish modernism, as the furniture design in Denmark is collectively called, is known for the emphasis on function, the use of simple lines, the focus on good choice of materials and quality production. These principles were consider by Arne Jacobsen in 1950s as well as by designers working on chairs for Hay more than 50 years later. And this is the matter which creates Danish furniture design so powerful. 7. REFERENCES Arntson, A.E. (2007) Graphic Design Basics. 5th edn. United States of America: Clark Baxter. Bhaskaran, L. (2005) Designs of the Times. Translated by Jana Novotnà ¡. Reprint, Prague: Nakladatelstvà ­ Slovart s.r.o., 2007. BlaÃ…Â ¾ek, F., Bosà ¡k, P., Jans, R., Novà ¡k, R.V. and Solpera, J. (2010) Role and future of the poster. [Discussion]. 18 November. Byars, M. (ed.) (1994) The design encyclopedia. New York: John Wiley Sins, Inc. Danish Design Centre (2009) Danish Design Past and Present | DDC Dansk Design Centre. Available at: http://en.ddc.dk/article/danish-design-past-and-present (Accessed: 20 October 2010). Danish Design Centre (2008) Hay: Growth via sustainable and innovative design | DDC Dansk Design Centre. Available at: http://en.ddc.dk/case/hay-growth-sustainable-and-innovative-design (Accessed: 20 October 2010). Danish Design Centre (2008) The Danish Des