The terms Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

The terms Race and Ethnicity EssayThe terms Race and Ethnicity be vastly different in meaning. Regardless of their historical definitions which can be lengthy and tend to run off on many tangents. Race to me just now is based on physical characteristics. The color of ones skin, the bone structure, eye color and shape, or texture and color of ones hair. The physical makeup of a person determines their descent of race, for example Black, sporty or Asian. Race is simply our biological composition.Ethnicity on the other hand is based in culture, where a persons ancestry developed, their national stemma being foremost and then their learned culture and background over time nonpluss ones ethnic makeup. Examples of this atomic number 18 Hispanic, German, Scottish, English, Mexican, or Jewish. For instance I am White but also German, Irish and Dutch and through my family history there are cultural traditions carried on in each generation that have become part of my ethnicity and make me unique but also group me with people from my -specific ethnic background.Ethnicity means sharing cultural similarities such as language, cuisines, dress and traditions that are part of a national culture. As far as the ways these concepts are important to the United States society, there are many, however not only of them are positive. These concepts are important to the United States society because people are recognized for the diversity of their race and culture as represented by each individual group.In my opinion race has been and is still used to determine power in our society and always brings separation by the ways in which its distributed. Classes are formed and people are either lifted to a higher level of class based on their skin color or race of origin and others are suppressed and disallowed to climb higher in society by the same racial definitions. I believe the biggest importance in our society regarding both race and ethnicity is the way people are treated regarding healthcare and the glaring class separation.Whole sections of people can be make to feel alienated or be made to feel inferior if society fails to bring diverse groups together as one mainstream society. Ethnicity as I have seen it has brought groups closer in society. People of diverse nationalities seem to stick together and celebrate their diversity in close knit groupings, gathering at holidays to share cultural traditions. Choosing cohabitation in neighborhoods of common nationalities and cultures, forming alliances with similar fellowships and even encouraging social activities within cultural groups.Everyone can learn from anothers culture and bring their cause knowledge to the table to share with others. Our country was founded on diversity and the common understanding that we are all different and all deserve the same deference for our individual values. In order to ensure success in the future of our country we need to broaden our thinking and teach tolerance a nd appreciation for our differences.

Microenvironment Customer Analysis Essay Example for Free

Microenvironment Customer Analysis EssayPotential customers ar the key to the conquest of our carrefour. In this analysis, we divided our customers into two subcategories Individual Customers The new trend in the hygiene industry is natur all(prenominal)y made products as we stick out in a more health concerned era. There are mint who are against the negative effects of chemicals in products that we use in our everyday lives, thitherfore there has been an increase in require for organic products. Because of this increasing demand in newspaper articles, on television programs and on the internet populate are trying to allot their inbred homemade remedies. In the news we read about sight who explain why they would never use shampoos or soaps again for all the chemicals they put inside and how they affect the general health. They will be our target customers. Our product is all natural, just like they want. The scarce difference is that instead of people making it i n their houses we will mass produce it and make it easier to access due to different ingredients that are not really easy to be found. new(prenominal) than the product being completely organic, our promotion will focus on the charity work we will do with this product regarding brusk people. Thus, not totally the health concerned people but also the people who care about the society will be targeted. People who would like to help the unsettled eject do so by buying this product. Our potential weakness here is that we may not be able to promote the product as fast as we want to. It may take some time for the target customers to know about this product. Another potential weakness can be that people may approach our product with suspicion. We plan to overcome that by medical reports regarding the product. Business Customers We are planning to promote our product to non-profit organizations that help the light people. As it is quick and relatively cheap, it can be utilise not only by the homelesspeople but also really poor families and children. This will create a good image for our brand and actually help people in want. We know that it is really painful and hard for people in our country after natural disasters such as earthquakes. They become in need of really simple things and hygiene can be a furcate of that. Therefore we plan on targeting organizations such as Kzlay to help the people in need by victimization our product.The amount of refugees living in camps in the cities of misfire is really high. They are also in need of basic hygiene products that can be used dry. Also out of our country bsocietys, there are people who live in really poor countries and face with many diseases because of the lack of water and hygiene. virtually Turkish organizations help the people in other countries but we plan on reaching the Turkish offices of well-known global organizations as well. After the agreements with the Turkish non-profit organizations, we can have an extension to foreign markets that can help the homeless people in other countries that are having problems watch overing clean water or hygiene related issues. One potential problem here is that we may not be able to profit from the sales to non-profit organizations. There are two possibilities first, we may have the most of our profit from the sales to our individual target customers by selling them with higher prices. Second possibility is that the sales to organizations can be so high that we would not need to change prices much. Our main goal will be planning the prices correspondly for the individual customers and organizational customers in order not to have any issues regarding the continuation of production.Also the sales to non-profit organizations will be used as a tool of advertising to help the product gain recognition. This can lead to an increase in prices later on. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS A General Overview of the Competitive Position in the Turkish foodstuff for H ygiene and Personal Care Products Industry Currently, and as shown by internet websites about exporters and importers of waterless cleaning products in Turkey, the products in the Turkish market consists primarily of dry waterless washing of cars and carpets. There are no products for proboscis and pig. Therefore, we can assume that there is room for a successful market sagacity if we choose the right strategy. We are operating in the hygiene industry. Therefore, we can think that our direct competitors would be the other hygiene companies which are already producing the continuous body and hair care products. Indeed, even though they do notproduce dry products such as the one we are offering, they are both(prenominal) the materials as well as the big size, which would enable them to produce it after its launch with cheap costs.When we look at the hygiene market in Turkey, we find the usual international players such as PG, Unilever, the Body Shop, and so on. However, the marke t is characterized by a concentrated presence of Turkish companies as well such as Komili, which belongs to Yldz Holding, Dalan, which is one of the biggest producers and exporters of soap and personal care products in Turkey, as well as Eczacba, which is one of Turkeys biggest Holdings, among others. In addition, there are some multinational companies such as Colgate Palmolive who decided to invest in Turkey through an acquisition of Hac akir, one of Turkeys most famous soap producing companies. When we talk about competition, we also need to think about the ways of distributing the products. Very few companies produce and send their products on their own. Usually, those companies have their own shops and are international franchises such as the Body Shop, Body Care, Douglas, and Yves Rocher, among others. Most of the other companies prefer to sell their products through outlets such as Boyner and YKM, which are enabling customers to compare the products of many brands at the sam e time.Some other companies prefer to sell their products through super/hyper on the hygiene and personal care parts of some super/hyper markets such as PG and Unilever. All of those companies are relatively big and established ones. They have a strong brand name and market positioning. They also have an existing customer base and distribution chains. Producing and distributing our products by our own would therefore be not only difficult, but very unsustainable as the big players in the market would soon take on the idea if they find it profitable. We believe that the best way to snack counter the big competition is to try to find the market leaders, negotiate with them, and persuade them to add our products to their product range and distribute it in their stores or through their standard distribution channels.MACROENVIRONMENTDEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT Trends, Opportunities and ThreatsThe demographic environment is of major interest to marketers because it involves people, and peop le are the customers of our product. The tribe is growing during these years and the large population poses bothopportunities and threats. Our major purpose is to identify the demographic trends and developments in order to exploit the opportunities the market offers and avoid or overcome the threats we face in the market environment. In order to build a customer-driven strategy we need to analyze the changes in age and family structures, geographic population shifts, educational characteristics and population diversity. The age structure of the population is changing and our product should exploit the new market trends. For example, the so called baby boomers (people who were born after the World War II) are still the wealthiest generation, but they are becoming more stark naked to environmental problems, preferring green and cheap products. This could be an opportunity to exploit in order to face the severe competition. Another part of population is made up by the Generation X, which is becoming more careful about prices and quality of products. These people grew up in the cyberspace era, and they are highly connected by using smartphones and tablets.Our strategy should exploit this opportunity by advertising our product online and creating online pages and blogs through which customers can interact and share their opinions. We have to regard also the new generations which consider technology as a way of life and, because of unemployment and financial crisis, they are becoming more sensitive to prices. Another important trend is the geographical shifts and migratory movements between and within countries. People are moving from big cities and metropolitan areas to suburbs and micropolitan areas, away from congested places. such(prenominal) population shifts are very important because people in different regions and areas buy different products. Now customers are more careful about regional and local products and their purchases are very much influenced b y this factor. Therefore our customer-driven strategy has to exploit this trend by differentiating our product from the others not only in term of natural ingredients, but also in term of local features.Further during these years the population is becoming better educated in developed countries therefore the go up number of high-educated people will affect what customers buy and how they buy. But in many emerging markets, like in the third-world countries and undeveloped nations, people continue to live in bad conditions, without sufficient education and hygiene. Our product could be viewed as an opportunity for this base of consumers, for example for homeless people, refugees all over the world and people who are not ableto take a shower because of lack of water. Lastly, countries are becoming more global and people from different nations and cultures are often mixing together into a single, more homogenous whole.However, many of these groups have maintained their diversity in ter m of ethnic and cultural differences. Therefore marketers need to keep in mind the features of the new global markets but at the same time valuing and respecting diversity between different cultures. For example, our strategy should include curiously designed ads to one or more of these groups. We should also diversify our promotion programs in order to take advantage of these differences and make our customers more involved in our marketing plan.-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Trends, Opportunities and ThreatsThe economic environment is an important macro environmental force that has a strong impact on every industry, especially in developing countries such as turkey. After the global recession, which occurred in 2009, the Turkish government has been working hard in order to stabilize the saving of the country. By effect, the GDP grew by 4% since 2009, now measuring 820 billion dollar, making it the 17th country worldwide. The stabilization of the economy has raised confidence in investor s, which are very much welcome from the government to make direct investments. Also Customers are more willing to spend money and this is leading to an increase in shopping, mainly in big cities such as Istanbul, Ankara and zmir. This trend is very positive for our prospective, since the retail industry is one of our main selling markets. Since the economy is more stable, we are able to make more accurate forecasts about the market, and making relevant decisions about the price and the other four Ps of merchandise (Promotion, Place, and Product).In fact we can make better decisions about the quantity of products we need to produce and how we are going to promote it, since more people are interested in going into shopping malls and shopping areas. Taking a look over the exchange rates we can observe they are quite unstable this is leading to a positive trade balance of Turkey. This means that is easy to export rather than import, which we can take in consideration for a possible fu ture expansion of our product in other countries. Income distribution in Turkey is still unfair, with basically few people owning the most of the money. We can take advantage of this situation, since our target market are the poorand the needy, by competing with our low cost product and improving their life conditions. Overall Turkish economic environment is favorable to our purposes and we can expect the market of the hygiene industry to grow. Also, the increase of the economy can lead to untapped opportunities and to a growth of demand for our product.TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTTrends, Opportunities and Threats The body hygiene products are not what they used to be. In the past, the cleansing agent was soap, which could dry out your scalp and leave a scum that doesnt rinse away.Today technology for hair and body care products has changed, even though there is still a lot to be done. Which is but what we did by coming up with this product. For example, almost all shampoos and body h ygiene products nowadays contain chemicals like silicones that give a hair and skin demulcent feel, and help it retain moisture. This is not healthy or natural and has negative effects. These days, people are more conscious about what goes on with their skin and hair because they know that using chemicals like silicones and alcohol has bad effects on skin, hair and general body health. Therefore, technological environment is also changing according to peoples demand more on healthier body hygiene products. Since technology for this industry is changing, and growing, we will use this opportunity and develop our healthy hair and body care product avoiding harmful chemicals.

Hybrid cars Essay Example for Free

hybridization simple machines EssayHybrid 1 Outline I. invention A. Gas prices are up, the environment is suffering, and the Statess are fearful of relying too much on foreign oil. Are loan-blend cars the answer? II. What a crossbred car is A. Description of a intercrossed car B. The two types of a hybrid 1. Parallel 2. Series III. Advantages of a Hybrid car A. Environment 1. Carbon Dioxide 2. world-wide Warming 3. Effect on the human body B. National 1. Discussion on foreign oil 2. What America toilette do to reduce our colony C. Federal 1. Tax Deductions on National level 2. Local incentives D. Mileage Hybrid 3 1.Why hybrids get to a greater extent mileage 2. Calculator on my birth car IV. Disadvantages A. Price V. Conclusion With all the advantages that hybrids have to offer, its something a new car consumer should seriously consider. One person can defy a difference Hybrid 4 Gas prices are up 23% from a course of study ago and global warming is a unceasing fear o f scientists and people alike. What then can one person do to help the current situation of boast and pollution? Buy a hybrid car Hybrid sales have doubled in the past year and according to J. D. Power and Associates, hybrid sale should hit 200,000 in 2005.inside 20 years, Toyotas top guy in the U. S. , Jim Press, thinks almost e precise car on the market is going to be a hybrid. So what merely is a hybrid car and what are all the things a consumer should look for when buying one? Here are some specifics the good and the bad. A vehicle is considered hybrid is the source of power comes from two sources. A hybrid car combines gasoline and voltaic power. The car has a normal gas tank, but withal a set of batteries. The batteries are recharged every time the person drives the car so t present is no need to plug it in like very old, original electric cars.Instead of having just a transmission, the batteries provide electricity to an electric get which then turns the transmission. T here are two different types of hybrid cars. One is a parallel hybrid. This has a give the sack tank and batteries and both the engine and batteries turn the transmission over at the same time. Both the electric motor and gas engine can provide power. The other is a Series hybrid, which has a generator. Gas turns the generator and that can either charge the batteries or power the motor. The gas engine never actually powers the car. The electric motor of a hybrid car is very sophisticated.It works as a motor and generator and draws energy from the batteries. The batteries store energy for the car and the motor can either draw energy from them or recharge them. Hybrid 5 So what are some advantages of owning a hybrid vehicle? This is going to look at environmental, national, federal, and economic advantages of having one. First is environmental. A car that burns twice as much gas to go a mile will generate approximately twice as much pollution. (Nice, Karim. ) A gallon of gas weighs close to 6 pounds and when its burned off it produces almost 20 pounds of carbon dioxide.In the U. S. alone, cars and trucks consume 8. 2 million barrels of oil EACH twenty-four hours which calculates to over 300 million tons of carbon each year. This is the largest part of carbon dioxide emissions, even more then factories and homes. If cars and trucks improved by just 5 mpg, Americans could save 1. 5 million barrels of oil a day or 55 million tons of carbon a day. Decreasing fuel consumption therefore reduces emissions. There is besides carbon dioxide that cars release into the air and that scientists believe contribute to global warming.Again, twice as much gas leads to twice as much carbon dioxide. If saving the environment still sounds like something too big for one person and one at a time, here is a more personal thing to consider, the effect that vehicle air pollution has on the human body. It can cause problems such as decreases in lung capacity, acute respiratory probl ems, reduces the release of oxygen to body tissue, contributes to birth defects low birth weight, infant death, and makes otherwise healthy kids 3 to 4 times more likely to develop asthma. There are also concerns on the national level.Even though our consumption of oil is ever increasing, our production of oil has asleep(p) down since the 1970s. For most of the 20th century, we made so much oil that we had enough left over for export. But now Hybrid 6 America relies on imported oil. In 2001, imported oil accounted for 55% of US consumption this figure is projected to rise to 70% by 2020. (http//www. hybridcars. com. ) Nearly two-thirds, or 80%, of the worlds known oil reserves are under just six Persian Gulf nations Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Iran and Qatar.This forces the U. S. phalanx to stay in foreign bases to oversee our free excess to oil, it arouses hostility from those in these countries who have anti-American touch sensationings, and the produ ction of oil in these countries only take in world super-powers and make the rich richer and the poor poorer leading to more hostile feelings toward America. Some also go so far as to say us paying these countries for oil is providing terrorists with great sums of wealth, which they use for organized anti-American endeavors such as the plane high-jackings of September 11th.Ever since September 11th, Americans are leery of relying on gulf countries for our oil supply because rely is exactly what we do. The gas prices we pay reflect what other countries charge for their barrels of oil. Increasing efficiency of cars and trucks can bet a role in reducing our dependency on foreign oil. By raising fuel efficiency by just 2. 7 mpg, Americans can save enough to extinct all oil imports from Iraq and Kuwait combined. By raising it 7. 6 mpg, Americans could eliminate 100% gulf oil importsAnd, in president Bushs energy bill proposal, he said he wants to use empty military bases as oil refine ries in order to development our supply, but instead of relying on government, individuals can really impact our part in buying foreign oil by getting better gas mileage and basically using less. Hybrid 7 There are also the federal level incentives the think about when buying a hybrid vehicle. The Clean-Fuel Vehicle Deduction tax break was given during this season. People who bought a hybrid in 2004/05 could claim up to a $2000 deduction when they do their taxes.In 2005/06, its scheduled to drop to $500, but if a new energy bill passes the number will go back up. There are also local incentives to buying a hybrid. If a person bought one in San Jose, CA, they are exempt from local parking fees. Colorado offers a tax credit. computerized tomography exempts the sales tax on a hybrid meeting certain requirements. In Florida and Georgia people who have hybrids can use the high job lanes at any time of the day and no matter how many people are in the car.And Illinois has a program call ed The Illinois Alternate Fuels Rebate course which pays 80% or up to $4000 to convert your vehicle to an alternate fuel system. On to mileage. This is a big one that car consumers are looking at today. Instead of getting the average 15 to 26 mpg, a hybrid can get anywhere from 50 to 60 mpg Thats a abundant difference This is achieved because hybrid vehicles convert energy that is normally wasted when a person coasts and breaks into electricity, which is then stored into the batteries until needed by the motor.The motor is also used to financial aid the engine when going up hills or when the car is driving in low speeds. Low speeds, like city driving are the least effective fuel conditions. Some hybrids also automatically shut off the engine when the car comes to a stop preserving the fuel and energy. Some websites have online calculators that measure your own car up against a hybrid of your plectron. I used one to measure my own car and got these results. If a person typically drives 10,000 miles a year and pay the national average of $2. 10 per gallon and gets 23 miles perHybrid 8 gallon, this is what a person would save if they had a hybrid 235 gallons of gas, 4,696 pounds of carbon dioxide, and $493 a year. (Stern, Linda. ) For this online calculator, I used http//www. hybridcars. com/calculator/index. php to compare my car with a new Lexus RX, which is a hybrid vehicle similar to my own. This website allows you to put in what make and warning your car is and compare it to any hybrid vehicle to see the difference in consumption and cost. Hybrid 9 So are there really any downsides to owning a Hybrid?Almost every car review only state one flaw, and thats the price. A 2005 Ford Escape Hybrid base cost $27,560. The Toyota Highlander Hybrid with four-wheel drive costs $39,290. And the most popular, Toyota Prius, cost around $27,000. The sophisticated computer control that makes everything work in these cars makes is what makes them expensive, at least more expensive then their non-electric counterparts. Also hybrid owners complain that they dont actually get the mileage they are hypothetic to but that can be said for every car since too many factors go into affecting your mileage per gallon.With all the advantages such as part the environment and saving ourselves from being so dependant on foreign oil, not to mention helping our health and our own personal wealth, most feel the added price of a hybrid vehicle is not something to hard to overcome. New car consumers should seriously look into whether a hybrid car is the right choice for them because this really is something that individuals can do to better our world. Hybrid 10.Bibliography Nice, Kerry.How Hybrid Cars Work. How Stuff Works. 1998-2005. http//auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car. htm. Newman, Richard J. Invasion of the Green Machines. U. S. News and World Report. V138 (May 9, 2005) pg. 48-54. Stern, Linda. Money Is a Hybrid deserving It? Newsweek. April 4, 2005. Berm an, Bradley. 2003-2005. http//www. hybridcars. com/. No Author. Spotlight Whats a Hybrid Car? CARE2 Make a Difference. 2005. http//www. care2. com/channels/ecoinfo/hybrid.

Oil And Ghee Industry Pollution

Oil And Ghee Industry PollutionEnvironmental degradation by the industrial sector is a matter of serious concern not only in Pakistan, but also all over the world. Steps have to be taken to initiate measures to combat pollution, thereby, enabling the industries to comply with the international local standards, e.g., National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) and the ISO 14000 certification. In Pakistan, there atomic number 18 20 industrial sectors which be of the most concern. One of which is the edible pet social functionum and ghee sector.This report aims to address the environmental pollution problems of the Edible Oil sector. It has been compiled on the basis of the statistical information available on the sector both at global and national level and the information related to the case study from both primary and inessential data sources. The objective of this report is to assess the nature and extent of environmental problems cause by an edible oil diligence, to quanti fy the pollution loads, water reuse and recycling, dish out modifications and recommendations.Many technological processes are carried out in order to obtain refined vegetable oils from seeds. The primary(prenominal) processes include refining, degumming, neutralization, bleaching, deodorization and winterization. During these processes by-products and wastes are formed.The direct conditions and processes carried out find out the amount and characteristics of the by-products and wastes formed. The effluent varies both in quantity and characteristics from one oil intentness to an different. The composition of wastewater from the same industry also varies widely from twenty- quaternity hour period to day.However, despite the use of these methods, disposal and waste manipulation still remain major challenges in the fats and oils industries. One of the contributing factors as to why such wastewaters are difficult to treat is the complexity of their sources. Sources, among diffe rents, include heat exchangers, barometric condensers, gas scrubbers, cleaning of greasy floors and equipment, leakages, process water from the refining plant and soap declivity splitting effluents.Moreover, vegetable oil refinery wastewater is known to contain chemical compounds like phenol, heavy metals from bleaching earth, catalysts used in the hydrogenation process, oxidizable substances and fats and oils. Because of quantity and characteristic variations and complexity, wastewater treatment to meet the desired effluent standards is complicated, and the choice of methods of wastewater treatment depends on many local conditions and, therefore, cannot be standardized.Water use minimization and wastewater reuse and recycling is a far better option to go for, especially when there are limited finances for end of pipe treatment methods. This could also involve process modifications for the oil and ghee industry.Research Objectives-Air emissionEmissions are generally gene lay outd f rom the generators, kettleful, and vegetable oil processing and oil extraction solvents. take of effluents in an industry.Waste WaterEffluents are produced mainly from deodorization, boiler blow down, refinery section, neutralization, degumming etc. On number 12,600 m3/day of wastewater is generated having considerably high soma (mg/L), COD (mg/L), TDS, TSS, etc. level of waste water produced in industry.Solid WasteEffluents are produced mainly from deodorization, boiler blow down, refinery section, neutralization, degumming etc. On average 12,600 m3/day of wastewater is generated having considerably high BOD (mg/L), COD (mg/L), TDS, TSS, etc. Solid waste produced in industry.Theoretical frame work-To formulate hypothetical framework, first we need to enlist all the unsettleds in our study and state the weather its independent or dependent.ListVariablesAir emissionIndependent variableWaste WaterIndependent variableSolid WasteIndependent variablepollutionDependent variableThe v ariable Pollution is dependent and it is the main focus of our research. All the other variables influence it. Increasing or decreasing Air emission caused by the production of edible oil and ghee directly affects broadcast pollution. Likewise, any change in the amount of water waste or solid waste produced will also directly affect water pollution.As a result, if we minimize the publicize emissions, water and solid wastes than we will be able to bring pollution to a minimum level. This can be do by maximizing recycling and disposing off the wastes properly and safely.Literature Review-Industrial pollution is also a major health risk in Faisalabad. According to Dr Amjad Ali Rana, a senior teacher at Community Medicine department of Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad Here the diseases have some connection or the other with environmental pollution like skin diseases, asthma, TB, heart diseases, hepatitis and even cancer. They are found in greater ratio than any other city in Punjab . (By Dr. Amjad Ali Rana)He also reveals some terrifying consequences of industrial pollution in Faisalabad. According to findings of different studies, industrial pollution in Faisalabad is not only perturbing the Ozone layer in atmosphere, it is also becoming a source of its production on ground. On ground level ozone simply works as a poison. In winter it forms smog (smoke+fog) along with many other hazardous emissions of industries. This is why the death rate among infants and elderly people is more in four winter months in Faisalabad as compares to other eight months of the year. (By A. Sahi)In a survey conducted by PPI, revealed that presently almost five hundred factories were currently operating in the I-9 and I-10 industrial estates which were causing water and air pollution in the area. Out of the existing vitamin D plants, there were 204 manufacturing units in the area. Complaints of diseases like chest over-crowding and asthma, which were directly linked to air pollutio n, are frequent among I-9 and I-10 residents. The quality of air in these areas was never tested due to the non-availability of adequate facilities. Experts say that commissioning 500 more industrial plants in the area would increase pollution levels considerably. (By A Survey conducted by PPI)Environmental damage and pollution created by the oil industry have caused violations of the remedys to good health and a clean environment, the right to an sufficient standard of living (including the right to clean drinking water and unpolluted food) and the right to have a livelihood through work for thousands of people. (By Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).Oil companies have been exploiting weak regulatory system for much long. They do not effectively prevent environmental damage and they repeatedly fail to properly address the overwhelming impact that their dreadful practice has on peoples lives. (By Audrey Gaughran of forgiveness International.)More than half of the people in the regi on rely on the natural environment for their livelihood but pollution by the oil producing factories are destroying their essential resource. (By Audrey Gaughran)The Pakistan Environment Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) has asked owners of the industrial units in the Industrial Estate Islamabad to install efficient devices to control pollution in the federal official capital.INTRODUCTIONIndustry overviewThe selected Shan Oil and Ghee Industry is one of the biggest manufactures of oil and ghee inLahore. In 1982, the unit of production is 30M tons per day. After the installation of new units in1995, the production reaches 150M tons per day. The major product includes cooking oil, ghee and soap. The add up area of Shan Oil and Ghee industry is approximately 10 Acre and covered area is 70% of the total area which make approximately 7 acre. Main departments include Office Block, refining section, boiler section oil storage section, Storage area, Hydrogen ginger nut plant, oil and ghee fill ing and storage section and CO2 filling section and solid maculation storage area.Location and SurroundingShan oil and ghee industry is primed(p) in Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate, Kot Lakhpat Lahore. Other prominent industry around the ABC oil and ghee industry is Hamdard Factory.Drainage DisposalThe total area of Shan Oil and Ghee industry is around 10 Acre and covered area is 70% of the total area which make approximately 7 acre. Main departments include Office Block, refining section, boiler section oil storage section, Storage area, Hydrogen cracking plant, oil and ghee filling and storage section and CO2 filling section and solid scrap storage area.Importance of Oil and Ghee IndustryConsumers use it widely in commercial as well as in home applications. The oil is used in stir-fry dishes, snack foods, seafood, vegetables and different foods around the globe. It can be used in place of any vegetable oil. Generally it is used to make mayonnaise, sauces, salad preparation and m arinades etc. It can be used for baked goods as well as for spreads on foods such as bread and muffins. In refined shape, cottonseed oil is nearly clear and provides very little taste, serving mainly as a catalyst for holding ingredients together.SECTORAL INFORMATIONRole of Oil and Ghee Industry in the National EconomyThe number of small and medium enterprises producing Vegetable oil and ghee amounts to 160 presently. The total expertness of these plants is approximately 2 billion tons per annum. An special advantage of vegetable oil production is that one of its by product is soap which is sold separately and it also has a very good role on our economy. The total number of solvent extraction plants is nearly 50 at the moment. The net deserving of oil production by these plants in rupee terms is 17 billion. According to the latest research the average Pakistani consumes 16- 18 kg in a year. The actual demand increase at the rate 4.4 % from 1988 to 2000 whereas the domestic prod uction increased by 7.3% during the same period.Role of oil and Ghee Industry in the Global EconomyThe production of oil depends on the large scale industries as far as the production in Pakistan is concerned its total quantity cost. The cooking oil and vegetable ghee industry is a large manufacturing sector. In Pakistan its production was 4000 tons in 1950s, it has grown to about 60,500 tons in 2000. However, the actual demand is approximately 117,000 tons a shortfall has been witnessed over the last two decades. This shortfall is made up through the import of cooking oils, which are added to the local production. Pakistan imported edible oil worth Rs. 11,500 million in 2001-02 and it is still increasing. In 1976, the Ghee Corporation of Pakistan was established to manage the affairs of this industry. Edible oil consumption has been increasing at an annual rate of 9% over the past 10 years, and countrys production has risen only 2% per annum. At present indigenous production of cot ton seed oil, and other edible oils meet only 35%, of the total requirement of the country and the rest 65% is imported. There are 160 units producing ghee and cooking oil with an installed capacity of around 2.5 million tonnes and 1.7 million tonnes to meet annual national requirements of about 14 million tonnes.The total installed capacity of Ghee/ Edible Oil is about 3.3 million tons. The total annual domestic demand of edible oil in the country is around 2.9 million tons (including 0.2 Million tons export to Afghanistan), nonetheless the local production of edible oil is around 1.3 million tons per annum. The rest of the demand is being met through imports. Imported palm oil constitutes around 56-58 % of all oil used for production of edible oil/ghee in Pakistan.Questionnaire (customer sample)-Dear participants, I am the student of business administration in the university of primeval Punjab (UCP) are conducting survey on the comparative study on oil and ghee industry pollutio n and its effects on human lifes. I am rapturous to select you as participant and your contribution in this effort will be highly appreciated select the suitable choice by scoring or encircling.1Q. How far is your home situated to the nearest oil and ghee manufacturing company?2Q. Do the industry dispose off its gaseous waste directly into air?3Q. Have you noticed any changes in the flavor or color of the water supplied to you?4Q. Have you experienced any foul smells near the oil and ghee industrial area?5Q. What percentage of your daily diet is composed of oil and ghee products?6Q. Do you recommend the shan oil and ghee products?7Q. Does the pollution from the oil and ghee industries cause thermal pollution?8Q. Does the industrial pollutants contain health hazardous substances?9Q. Does the environment pollution caused by the oil industries increase the incidence of asthma, chest congestions, cough etc in the population?10Q. Is the increase in pollution contributed by these indust ries linked with increased appearance of cancer?11Q. Does this type of pollution assist in the spread of any lethal diseases e.g. tuberculosis, cholera, malaria, dengue etc?12Q. Do you drain your waste water directly into the sea or ocean or is it detoxified and uncontaminated first?

Types of Earthing Systems

Types of Earthing SystemsIntroductionPurpose of earthing in an electric power organisation is to limit, with respect to the general bulk of earth, the potential of current carrying conductors, which atomic number 18 part of the equipment, and non- current carrying metal works, associated with the equipment, apparatus and appliances machine-accessible to the system.Type of Earthing SystemsThere are four main fictitious character of earthing systems. These includeTN systemsPoint stationly to ground, the exposed conductive parts connected to this take aim the instalment of the protection of conductors. Two types of TN system are canonical for sassy inst anyations in South Africa. These are defined according to the arrangement of neutral and protective conductors, as fol ruggedsTN-S system in which throughout the system, a let on protective conductor is usedTN-C-S system in which the neutral and protective functions combined in a single command chain of system.TT systemWhich o ne point is directly earthed, the exposed-conductive-parts of the installation being connected to earth electrodes electrically independent of the earth electrodes of the power system. The TT system is not permitted for new installations in South Africa, but still exists in many of the older areas.IT systemWhich has all live parts isolated from earth, or one point connected to earth through an impedance, the exposed-conductive-parts of the electrical installation being earthed independently or collectively or to the earthing of the system. The IT system is not used for the open distribution of electricity, but is used in private installations, mainly for reasons of continuity of service. Three phases IT systems with a distributed neutral can in certain circumstances resultant in raging conditions. This latter type of IT system is to be deprecated.The problems of emf variations between phase and neutral that can result from a break in the neutral, are common to all types of low voltage distribution systems. The increasing usage of the TN-C-S system has however introduced a further dimension to the consequences of a privation of the neutral conductor.TN-C-S systemMainly for economic reasons, across the globe, the TN-C-S power system is becoming more and more widely used for the distribution of low voltage electrical power. The concept of combining the neutral and protective functions in a single conductor immediately resulted in the elimination of one of the five distributed conductors that are required for a three phase TN-S system (three phases, one neutral and one protective conductor).In a TN-C-S system, the separate protective conductor (PE) for severally consumer, is created by simply tapping off a second parallel conductor from the PEN conductor at a location that is close to or at the point of supply to individual consumers. The parallel conductor in the installation then becomes the neutral conductor.The main disadvantage of the TN-C-S distributi on system is this unprotected hazardous condition that could arise in the event of a break in the PEN conductor. This hazard continues to exist independent of the presence of any protection devices that may be installed. In the event of a break in the PEN conductor, all exposed conductive parts will remain live disregarding of the operating state of the main switching or isolating device whether it is ON (closed) or OFF (open).Current practice of bonding in HKTypes of low voltage system as defined by the IEC and IEE are identified by the connections to earth of the source (system earth) and the exposed conductive parts of the electrical installation (equipment earth). If these earth terminals are not boned together by a metallic conductor the system is classified as TT, and the racecourse for earth duty period currents is then through the actual earth or ground,.If the terminals are bonded together with a reliable and low impedance metallic connection the return path will not b e through the earth and the system is classified as TN-S.The terms on which the CLP Power Hong Kong Ltd. and the Hong Kong Electric Co., Ltd. will supply electricity are subject to the Electricity Supply Ordinance, and the regulations and conditions laid down in the common set of Supply Rules published by both companies. By virture of his applications programme for electricity supply or his obtaining electricity from the Company, a consumer is bound by and shall abide by the Supply Rules and other terms and conditions.Supply Rule 407.1 requires that for every(prenominal) electrical installation the consumer must provide his own earth electrode system by which the exposed conductive parts of his installation are connected to earth. That is, all exposed conductive parts of the installation shall be connected by protective conductors to the main earthing terminal of the installation and that terminal shall be connected to earth electrode(s) via an earthing conductor. This means that e very installation is connected to be part of a TT system.Rule 407.3.f. (iii) further states that where the supply is taken direct from the Companys transformer or via underground cable, the Company may allow the consumer to provide a bonding conductor between his main earthing terminal and the Companys transformer earth or metallic sheaths of the service cable. Therefore, the installation will be operated as part of a TN-S system. However, this rule also states that in the measurement of the earth fault lace impedance or testing the operation of protective devices, the said bonding conductor must be disconnected, i.e. the design and commissioning of the installation must gain a TT system.

Functions of Management | Reflective Essay

Functions of Management Reflective EssayAbout Management ProcessesFrom the Business Strategy Game, I learned that first grand process for a order to determine its future business path was to set a strategic and realistic planning about what is the company goal, how grand the goal will be achieved and how to achieve the goal among the competition. In setting the plan, company should define first what is their committal statement or strategic vision. This mission statement is a statement which indicates the purposes and activities of the companys business/goals in brief, clear and focus words. Along with mission statement, company must clearly define its objectives quantitatively inwardly certain period. From these quantitative objectives, company could set a realistic and attainable long term strategic planning to allocate budget and resources in the company. In strategic planning, company should define clearly its target market, financial objective and competitive position amon g the industry. This strategic planning will be the direction of the company in running its business.After setting the strategic planning, company should design an organization structure to manage the company effectively, by designating persons who will in thrill in each roles and held responsibility in each area of the business in the company (marketing, finance, operation, sales and so on), especially the person who will be responsible as the draw of the company (as CEO). The role of CEO is very essential because he/she must lead company to the right direction in implementing company strategy to achieve companys objectives. From the clear and effective organization structure, CEO and vigilance will have clear legitimation and authority in guiding all resources in the company to implement the companys strategy.Finally, the company should closely and intensively controlling and monitoring the performance of the strategy during implementation to assess its progress against the pre -defined targets and interpret that all the company elements were doing their parts and responsibility in the right track.About Management FunctionsIn a company, management should establish the right and meaning(a) functions which will run the company operational activities, define what are the responsibilities of each functions and ensure that each functions performed in accordance with the company objectives. In order to give to a greater extent apprise to the company in terms of profit exp wizardnt, management should work together to set a strategy in making companys out dress (product or services) more competitive in the market by considering all aspects involved. As an example, to gain more profitability company could set pricing strategy to be higher(prenominal) or lower compare to market but before decided the price, company should consider other aspects such as costs, quality and resources needed in creation of the product or services.About Working in TeamsIn working as a team member in the company, it is very important to determine a clear designation about who will act as the leader and the retainer. Because if theres no clear designation, potentially will cause the resources in the company to move to the wrong direction and this will destruct company effort in achieving its objectives. As a leader, a person should show the ability to manage and to coach the entire team member to do their tasks properly, and he/she should has willingness to listen and appreciation to his/her followers insights at the same time. And as a follower, one should give respect to the leader and obey the leader decisions. But it is important too for the company to define what is the follower assignment and designation, because if it is not clearly defined, the follower couldnt perform nor contributed optimally in attaining companys objective process.What I plan to do in my work place from the experience and lessons I took from the BSG are As the leader of my unitI will put more effort to be an effective and efficient leader of my unit and will put more ken to all my team member that our jobs especially in designing the most efficient operational work flow in my company has essential invasion in saving the company budget and optimizing company resources which will contributed in achieving the companys objective especially in financial aspect and giving more value to the customer and shareholder. And furthermore I will spend more time and effort to evaluate designation and job description for each member of my team, to put the right person to the right job and responsibility. If the designation and job description were not fit or not clear to the team member, it will relate to the performance of the working unit itself because each team member do not know exactly what is their role in their working unit.As a member of my management teamI will put more consideration and attention about financial impact of any decision that my management made. From the BSG, I see that all activities in each working unit must be contributed and affected to the company strategic planning especially in achieving financial goals. And I will put more respect to any member and any decision of my management team made, even though sometimes the decision seems to be hard to be implement, I will try to see it from wider perspective that the decision must be made deliberately and considered some(prenominal) important aspects which ending is to give more value for the company.

Luc Besson: One of the Best French Directors :: Movie Film Movies Films

Luc Besson One of the Best French DirectorsThesis Luc Besson is one of the dress hat French Directors of this century. His works can either be viewed as mere action packed thrillers or the viewer can go in perspicacity and question society and morality. Besson wishes to make the viewer question the importance of individualism, the role of each individual in society and whether the individual should follow the norms of society or follow his heart. Bessons humor, sense of pathos and his reflections on life deserve credit. Besson draws on his own life in some movies. Besson lacks presence of family and religion and in his movies the protagonist has to sacrifice one love so as to attain another, which he feels to be of greater importance to his life. Introduction Luc Besson was born in genus Paris on March 18, 1959, and spent most of his childhood living in the idyllic settings of various Mediterranean hideaways between Yugoslavia and Greece where his p arnts worked as diving instructo rs. A tragic diving accident when seventeen, put an end to his dreams of a career in marine biology and he diverted his interest to films and directing. He dropped out of inform and moved to Hollywood at the age of nineteen where he spent three years working on and learning about American films. thither was a time when he used to watch a dozen films a week so as to understand filmmaking. Considered the French equivalent of Steven Spielberg, Besson is general for creating fastpaced stylish and hugely budgeted films. What are noticeable in Bessons movies are the visual style, humor, pathos, and sense of direction, reflections on life and declination of modern society. (Susan Hayward, 1998) The Movies Luc Bessons movies can all be viewed not just as movies but movies with a meaning. One of his major themes in all his movies is social existentialism - the refuse of society and morality. The protagonist develops his own sense of morality and what is right and wrong in relation to thei r decline in society as a whole. What are noticeable in his movies are the absence of family and the demise of the community, which he brings out with great sophistication. His childhood spent near the sea and his passion for it and diving as well as had a profound effect even on his work as can be seen from his movie The Big Blue.